College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 16;23(6):3186. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063186.
Culture model systems that can recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, such as three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture systems, limit the cost and welfare concerns associated with a research animal colony and provide alternative approaches to study specific processes in humans and animals. These 3D models facilitate a greater understanding of the physiological role of individual cell types and their interactions than can be accomplished with traditional monolayer culture systems. Furthermore, 3D culture systems allow for the examination of specific cellular, molecular, or hormonal interactions, without confounding factors that occur with in vivo models, and provide a powerful approach to study physiological and pathological reproductive conditions. The goal of this paper is to review and compare organoid culture systems to other in vitro cell culture models, currently used to study female reproductive physiology, with an emphasis on the role of extracellular vesicle interactions. The critical role of extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication in physiological processes, including reproduction, has been well documented, and an overview of the roles of extracellular vesicles in organoid systems will be provided. Finally, we will propose future directions for understanding the role of extracellular vesicles in normal and pathological conditions of reproductive organs, utilizing 3D organoid culture systems.
能够重现生殖器官解剖结构和生理功能的培养模型系统，如三维（3D）类器官培养系统，限制了与动物研究群体相关的成本和福利问题，并为研究人类和动物的特定过程提供了替代方法。这些 3D 模型有助于更好地理解单个细胞类型及其相互作用的生理作用，这是传统单层培养系统无法实现的。此外，3D 培养系统允许在没有体内模型中出现的混杂因素的情况下检查特定的细胞、分子或激素相互作用，并为研究生理和病理生殖状况提供了一种强大的方法。本文的目的是综述和比较类器官培养系统与其他目前用于研究女性生殖生理学的体外细胞培养模型，重点介绍细胞外囊泡相互作用的作用。细胞外囊泡在包括生殖在内的生理过程中的细胞间通讯中的关键作用已有充分的文献记载，本文将概述细胞外囊泡在类器官系统中的作用。最后，我们将提出利用 3D 类器官培养系统来理解细胞外囊泡在生殖器官正常和病理条件下作用的未来方向。
