Ljubičić Marija, Matek Sarić Marijana, Klarin Ivo, Rumbak Ivana, Colić Barić Irena, Ranilović Jasmina, Dželalija Boris, Sarić Ana, Nakić Dario, Djekic Ilija, Korzeniowska Małgorzata, Bartkiene Elena, Papageorgiou Maria, Tarcea Monica, Černelič-Bizjak Maša, Klava Dace, Szűcs Viktória, Vittadini Elena, Bolhuis Dieuwerke, Guiné Raquel P F
Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
General Hospital Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.
Foods. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):872. doi: 10.3390/foods12040872.
Emotion can reflect in the perception of food consumption. An increase in food intake during emotional and psychological conditions may have a negative impact on human health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between food consumption, emotional eating behavior, and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, boredom eating, maintaining vigilance and alertness, and emotional food consolation. We used a Motivations for Food Choices Questionnaire (Eating Motivations, EATMOT) to determine the emotional aspects of food consumption in 9052 respondents living in 12 European countries between October 2017 and March 2018. Ordinal linear regression was used to identify the associations between the emotional eating behavior and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, emotional consolation, and reasons to improve physical and psychological conditions. The regression models confirmed the associations between food consumption, emotional conditions, and emotional eating behavior. Associations were found between the emotional eating behavior and stress (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.60, = 0.010), depressive mood (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.40-1.43, < 0.001), loneliness (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.58-1.62, < 0.001), boredom (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36-1.39, < 0.001), and emotional consolation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.54-1.57, < 0.001). Emotional eating was associated with an effort to improve physical and psychological conditions, such as controlling body weight (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.10-1.12, < 0.001), keeping awake and alert (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.19-1.20, < 0.001) and consumption to feel good (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.21-1.22, < 0.001). In conclusion, emotions might provoke emotional eating behavior. The appropriate way to handle stress, depression, or other emotional states is important in conditions of being emotionally overwhelmed. The public should be educated on how to handle different emotional states. The focus should be moved somehow from emotional eating and the consumption of unhealthy food to healthy lifestyle practices, including regular exercise and healthy eating habits. Thus, it is necessary to halt these negative health effects on human health through public health programs.
情绪会在食物消费认知中有所体现。在情绪和心理状态下食物摄入量的增加可能会对人类健康产生负面影响。这项横断面研究的目的是确定食物消费、情绪化进食行为与压力、抑郁、孤独、无聊进食、保持警惕和警觉以及情绪性食物慰藉等情绪状况之间的关联。我们使用了一份食物选择动机问卷（饮食动机，EATMOT），以确定2017年10月至2018年3月期间居住在12个欧洲国家的9052名受访者食物消费的情绪方面。采用有序线性回归来确定情绪化进食行为与压力、抑郁、孤独、情绪慰藉以及改善身体和心理状况的原因等情绪状况之间的关联。回归模型证实了食物消费、情绪状况和情绪化进食行为之间的关联。研究发现情绪化进食行为与压力（优势比（OR）=1.30，95%置信区间（CI）=1.07 - 1.60，P = 0.010）、抑郁情绪（OR = 1.41，95% CI = 1.40 - 1.43，P < 0.001）、孤独（OR = 1.60，95% CI = 1.58 - 1.62，P < 0.001）、无聊（OR = 1.37，95% CI = 1.36 - 1.39，P < 0.001）以及情绪慰藉（OR = 1.55，95% CI = 1.54 - 1.57，P < 0.001）之间存在关联。情绪化进食与改善身体和心理状况的努力相关，如控制体重（OR = 1.11，95% CI = 1.10 - 1.12，P < 0.001）、保持清醒和警觉（OR = 1.19，95% CI = 1.19 - 1.20，P < 0.001）以及为感觉良好而进食（OR = 1.22，95% CI = 1.21 - 1.22，P < 0.001）。总之，情绪可能会引发情绪化进食行为。在情绪不堪重负的情况下，应对压力、抑郁或其他情绪状态的恰当方式很重要。应该对公众进行如何应对不同情绪状态的教育。重点应从情绪化进食和不健康食物消费在某种程度上转移到健康的生活方式实践，包括定期锻炼和健康的饮食习惯。因此，有必要通过公共卫生项目来阻止这些对人类健康的负面健康影响。
