Chen Yifan, Chai Li
International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Agricultural College, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-1015, USA.
Foods. 2022 Mar 28;11(7):986. doi: 10.3390/foods11070986.
Global diets and food system not only influence human health conditions but also have a great effect on environmental sustainability. The Planetary Health Diet (PHD) proposed by the Lancet Commission is considered as a sustainable diet that meets human's nutritional demands yet poses less pressure on the environment. In this study, we examine how the economic condition, i.e., Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita), affects the deviations of current diets from the PHD at the country level by using a threshold regression model. The results show three dimensions regarding food consumption patterns in all 11 kinds of foods across the globe, as evidenced from the data in 147 countries as of 2018. First, the findings indicate that there exist deviations from the PHD for all kinds of foods, which could guide policymakers to make dietary improvements. Second, we find that GDP per capita impacts food consumption patterns with all kinds of foods. The results demonstrate that the changing rates of food consumption amounts decrease as the GDP per capita increases. Finally, we calculate the GDP per capita thresholds for all kinds of foods, and we find the number of thresholds ranging from zero to two. Specifically, 20,000 PPP (current international $), the GDP per capita boundary distinguishing developing and developed countries, is the first GDP per capita threshold influencing the food consumption amount. What is more, the second GDP threshold is 40,000 PPP (current international $), which is the average GDP per capita of developed countries. Thus, we identify the countries that require more financial assistance from a GDP per capita perspective.
全球饮食和食物系统不仅影响人类健康状况，还对环境可持续性有重大影响。《柳叶刀》委员会提出的“行星健康饮食”（PHD）被认为是一种既能满足人类营养需求又对环境压力较小的可持续饮食。在本研究中，我们使用阈值回归模型研究经济状况，即人均国内生产总值（人均GDP），如何在国家层面影响当前饮食与“行星健康饮食”的偏差。结果显示了全球11种食物在食物消费模式方面的三个维度，这一点由2018年147个国家的数据得以证明。首先，研究结果表明所有种类的食物都存在与“行星健康饮食”的偏差，这可以指导政策制定者改善饮食结构。其次，我们发现人均GDP对各类食物的消费模式有影响。结果表明，随着人均GDP的增加，食物消费量的变化率下降。最后，我们计算了各类食物的人均GDP阈值，发现阈值数量从零到两个不等。具体而言，20,000购买力平价（当前国际美元），即区分发展中国家和发达国家的人均GDP界限，是影响食物消费量的第一个人均GDP阈值。此外，第二个GDP阈值是40,000购买力平价（当前国际美元），这是发达国家的人均GDP平均值。因此，我们从人均GDP的角度确定了那些需要更多财政援助的国家。
