Majić Aleksandar, Arsenović Daniela, Čvokić Dimitrije D
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;11(4):483. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11040483.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of death worldwide, and they are attributable to genetic and physiological determinants, behavioral risk factors and environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to assess behavioral risk factors for metabolic disease using demographic and social-economic aspects of the population characterized by risk factors, and to investigate relations among lifestyle risk factors (alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical inactivity, intake of vitamins, fruits and vegetables) that are responsible for the majority of NCD deaths in the Republic of Srpska's (RS's) population. This is a cross-sectional study based on the analysis of a survey conducted among 2311 adult (≥18 years) persons (54.0% women, and 46.0% men). The statistical analysis was carried out by using Cramer's V values, clustering, logistic regression (binomial, multinomial and ordinal), a chi-square test and odds ratios. In the case of logistic regression, we provide the prediction accuracy in percentages. A significant statistical correlation between demographic characteristics (gender and age) and risk factors was observed. The highest difference according to gender was observed in alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 2.705, confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.206-3.317), particularly in frequent consumption (OR = 3.164, 95% CI = 2.664-3.758). The highest prevalence of high blood pressure was registered in the elderly (66.5%); the same holds for hypertension (44.3%). Additionally, physical inactivity was one of the most common risk factors (33.4% physically inactive respondents). A significant presence of risk factors was confirmed among the RS population, with higher involvement of metabolic risk factors among the older population, while the prevalence of behavioral factors was related to younger age groups, particularly in the case of alcohol consumption and smoking. A low level of preventive awareness was observed among the younger population. Therefore, prevention is one of the most important instruments related to decreasing NCD risk factors in the RS population.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球主要死因，其可归因于遗传和生理决定因素、行为风险因素及环境影响。本研究旨在利用以风险因素为特征的人群的人口统计学和社会经济因素评估代谢疾病的行为风险因素，并调查导致斯普斯卡共和国（RS）人口中大多数非传染性疾病死亡的生活方式风险因素（饮酒、吸烟、身体活动不足、维生素、水果和蔬菜摄入量）之间的关系。这是一项横断面研究，基于对2311名成年人（≥18岁）（54.0%为女性，46.0%为男性）进行的调查分析。采用克莱默V值、聚类分析、逻辑回归（二项式、多项式和有序）、卡方检验和比值比进行统计分析。在逻辑回归分析中，我们以百分比形式提供预测准确率。观察到人口统计学特征（性别和年龄）与风险因素之间存在显著的统计相关性。在饮酒方面观察到性别差异最大（比值比（OR）=2.705，置信区间（95%CI）=2.206 - 3.317），尤其是频繁饮酒（OR = 3.164，95%CI = 2.664 - 3.758）。老年人高血压患病率最高（66.5%）；高血压情况相同（44.3%）。此外，身体活动不足是最常见的风险因素之一（33.4%的受访者身体活动不足）。RS人群中确认存在显著的风险因素，老年人群中代谢风险因素的参与度更高，而行为因素的患病率与较年轻年龄组相关，特别是在饮酒和吸烟方面。较年轻人群的预防意识较低。因此，预防是降低RS人群非传染性疾病风险因素的最重要手段之一。
