Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
Clinic Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 66, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 7;20(4):2878. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042878.
A lot of civilization diseases are related to a low-quality diet, which is often determined by environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the quality of diet and the selected metabolic diseases, as well as demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status among Polish seniors. The study was conducted on the basis of the KomPAN questionnaire (Questionnaire for Dietary Views and Habits). The research sample was chosen arbitrarily. In addition, in order to diversify the research sample, the use of the snowball method was used. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 in a group of 437 people aged 60 or more years in two regions of Poland. Two diet quality indices with a potentially beneficial (pHDI-10) and adverse impact on health (pHDI-14) were selected based on data on the frequency of consumption of 24 food groups using the KomPAN questionnaire data development procedure. Based on the intensities (low, moderate, high) and combinations of these indices, three diet quality index profiles were developed with potentially different influences on health: lower (lowest), middle (intermediate) and upper (highest). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between diet quality indices, some metabolic diseases (obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes type 2), demographic characteristics (gender, age, place of residence), and socioeconomic status (low, moderate, high). It was shown that in the examined seniors with selected metabolic diseases, the higher quality diet was more common among women, urban inhabitants and subjects with higher socioeconomic status. In turn, among the elderly with obesity, a high-quality diet was observed more often in people aged 60-74 years and those with type II diabetes at ages 75 years or more. The relationships between diet quality, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status were demonstrated, but it was not possible to obtain unambiguous results on the relationship of these variables with the occurrence of metabolic diseases. Further extended studies should assess the importance of diet quality in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases in the elderly, taking into account the variability resulting from the environmental characteristics of the study population.
许多文明病都与低质量的饮食有关，而这种饮食往往是由环境因素决定的。本研究的目的是评估饮食质量与所选代谢性疾病以及波兰老年人的人口统计学特征和社会经济地位之间的关系。该研究是基于 KomPAN 问卷（饮食观点和习惯问卷）进行的。研究样本是随机选择的。此外，为了使研究样本多样化，使用了滚雪球法。该研究于 2019 年 6 月至 9 月在波兰两个地区进行，共有 437 名 60 岁或以上的人参加。根据 KomPAN 问卷数据开发程序，使用关于 24 种食物组消费频率的数据，选择了两个可能对健康产生有益（pHDI-10）和不利影响（pHDI-14）的饮食质量指数。基于这些指数的强度（低、中、高）和组合，开发了三种饮食质量指数谱，它们可能对健康产生不同的影响：低（最低）、中（中等）和高（最高）。使用逻辑回归评估饮食质量指数、一些代谢性疾病（肥胖、动脉高血压、2 型糖尿病）、人口统计学特征（性别、年龄、居住地）和社会经济地位（低、中、高）之间的关系。结果表明，在所检查的患有某些代谢性疾病的老年人中，女性、城市居民和社会经济地位较高的人饮食质量较高。相反，在肥胖的老年人中，60-74 岁的人以及 75 岁或以上的 2 型糖尿病患者饮食质量较高。结果表明了饮食质量、人口统计学特征和社会经济地位之间的关系，但无法获得这些变量与代谢性疾病发生之间关系的明确结果。进一步扩展的研究应该评估饮食质量在降低老年人患代谢性疾病风险方面的重要性，同时考虑到研究人群的环境特征所带来的变异性。
