Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 23;14(1):51. doi: 10.3390/nu14010051.
The study aimed at identifying the socioeconomic, eating- and health-related limitations and their associations with food consumption among Polish women 60+ years old. Data on the frequency of consumption of fruit, vegetables, dairy, meat, poultry, fish, legumes, eggs, water and beverages industrially unsweetened were collected with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and were expressed in the number of servings consumed per day or week. Three indexes: the Socioeconomic Status Index (SESI), the Eating-related Limitations Score (E-LS) and the Health-related Limitations Score (H-LS) were developed and applied. SESI was created on the base of two variables: place of residence and the self-reported economic situation of household. E-LS included: difficulties with self-feeding, decrease in food intake due to digestive problems, chewing or swallowing difficulties, loss of appetite, decrease in the feeling the taste of food, and feeling satiety, whereas H-LS included: physical function, comorbidity, cognitive function, psychological stress and selected anthropometric measurements. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the socioeconomic, eating-, and health-related limitations of food consumption. Lower socioeconomic status (vs. higher) was associated with a lower chance of consuming fruit/vegetables ≥ 2 servings/day (OR = 0.25) or consuming dairy ≥ 1 serving/day (OR = 0.32). The existence of multiple E-LS limitations (vs. few) was associated with a lower chance of consuming fruit/vegetables ≥ 2 servings/day (OR = 0.72), consuming dairy ≥ 1 serving/day (OR = 0.55) or consuming water and beverages industrially unsweetened ≥6 cups/day (OR = 0.56). The existence of multiple H-LS limitations was associated with a lower chance of consuming fruit/vegetables ≥ 2 servings/day (OR = 0.79 per 1 H-LS point increase) or consuming dairy ≥ 1 serving/day (OR = 0.80 per 1 H-LS point increase). Limitations found in the studied women were related to insufficient consumption of selected groups of food, which can lead to malnutrition and dehydration. There is a need for food policy actions, including practical educational activities, to eliminate barriers in food consumption, and in turn to improve the nutritional and health status of older women.
本研究旨在确定社会经济、饮食和健康相关限制因素及其与波兰 60 岁以上女性食物消费的关联。采用 Mini Nutritional Assessment（MNA）收集水果、蔬菜、乳制品、肉类、家禽、鱼类、豆类、鸡蛋、水和工业无添加饮料的消费频率数据，并以每天或每周食用份数表示。开发并应用了三个指数：社会经济地位指数（SESI）、饮食相关限制评分（E-LS）和健康相关限制评分（H-LS）。SESI 基于两个变量创建：居住地点和家庭自我报告的经济状况。E-LS 包括：自我喂养困难、因消化问题而减少食物摄入、咀嚼或吞咽困难、食欲不振、食物味道感下降以及饱腹感；H-LS 包括：身体功能、合并症、认知功能、心理压力和选定的人体测量学测量。进行逻辑回归分析以评估社会经济、饮食和健康相关限制对食物消费的影响。较低的社会经济地位（与较高的相比）与每天食用≥2 份水果/蔬菜（OR=0.25）或每天食用≥1 份乳制品（OR=0.32）的可能性较低相关。存在多种 E-LS 限制（与少数相比）与每天食用≥2 份水果/蔬菜（OR=0.72）、每天食用≥1 份乳制品（OR=0.55）或每天饮用工业无添加水和饮料≥6 杯（OR=0.56）的可能性较低相关。存在多种 H-LS 限制与每天食用≥2 份水果/蔬菜（OR=每增加 1 个 H-LS 点降低 0.79）或每天食用≥1 份乳制品（OR=每增加 1 个 H-LS 点降低 0.80）的可能性较低相关。研究中发现的女性限制因素与某些食物组的摄入不足有关，这可能导致营养不良和脱水。需要采取食品政策行动，包括实际的教育活动，以消除食物消费的障碍，从而改善老年女性的营养和健康状况。
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