Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2995. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042995.
Aerobic capacity is important for speed skaters to achieve good results in middle-long distance events. The technical characteristics of speed skating cause intermittent blood flow blockage in the lower limbs. Therefore, an athlete's aerobic capacity on ice may differ from that measured by cycling or running. Now, the on-ice aerobic capacity lacks methods for conducting aerobic capacity tests on ice. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a method for measuring on-ice aerobic capacity for young athletes and to compare it with the VO test on cycling. Methods: This study established a test method for the on-ice aerobic capacity of young, high-level speed skaters with incremental load (on-ice incremental skating test, OIST) through expert interviews and literature review. In the first part, OIST was used to test the aerobic abilities of 65 youth professional speed skaters (51 males and 14 females) on ice and to explore the correlation with their specific performance. The second part compares the relationship between aerobic capacity on ice and aerobic capacity on bicycle of 18 young high-level male athletes. The third part establishes the regression formula of ice ventilation threshold heart rate. The OIST established in this study can evaluate the on-ice aerobic capacity of athletes from National Level and Level 1&2 in China. The athletes' on-ice aerobic capacity indicators were significantly lower than those of the cycling test. However, the values of absolute VO and absolute ventilatory threshold had a high correlation (R = 0.532, < 0.05; R = 0.584, < 0.05). The regression formula of ventilatory threshold heart rate on ice = 0.921 × HRmax (Cycling test) -9.243. The OIST established in this study meets the characteristics and requirements of the VO measurement method. The OIST seems to be able to better evaluate the aerobic capacity of athletes skating on ice. The indicators of maximum oxygen uptake and ventilation threshold in OIST were significantly lower than those in the aerobic cycling test, but there was a good correlation. The aerobic cycling test can be used as an important selection index of the ice aerobic capacity of speed skaters. The regression formula will provide an important basis for coaches to accurately monitor the intensity of ice training.
有氧能力对于速度滑冰运动员在中长距离项目中取得好成绩很重要。速度滑冰的技术特点导致下肢间歇性血流阻塞。因此，运动员在冰上的有氧能力可能与骑自行车或跑步时的有氧能力不同。目前，冰上有氧能力缺乏在冰上进行有氧能力测试的方法。目的：本研究旨在为年轻运动员开发一种测量冰上有氧能力的方法，并将其与自行车的 VO 测试进行比较。方法：通过专家访谈和文献回顾，本研究建立了一种基于递增负荷的年轻高水平速滑运动员冰上有氧能力测试方法（冰上递增滑测试，OIST）。第一部分，使用 OIST 测试 65 名青年职业速滑运动员（男 51 名，女 14 名）的有氧能力，并探讨其与专项成绩的相关性。第二部分比较 18 名年轻高水平男性运动员冰上和自行车上的有氧能力关系。第三部分建立冰上通气阈心率的回归公式。本研究建立的 OIST 可以评估中国国家一级和一级运动员的冰上有氧能力。运动员的冰上有氧能力指标明显低于自行车测试。然而，绝对 VO 和绝对通气阈的数值具有高度相关性（R = 0.532，<0.05；R = 0.584，<0.05）。冰上通气阈心率的回归公式=0.921×HRmax（自行车测试）-9.243。本研究建立的 OIST 符合 VO 测量方法的特点和要求。OIST 似乎能够更好地评估运动员在冰上的有氧能力。OIST 中的最大摄氧量和通气阈指标明显低于有氧自行车测试，但相关性良好。有氧自行车测试可以作为速滑运动员冰上有氧能力的重要选择指标。回归公式将为教练准确监测冰上训练强度提供重要依据。
