Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-830 Poznan, Poland.
Chair and Department of Dental Surgery, Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 9;20(4):3008. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043008.
Periodontal disease has been postulated as one of the chronic complications of diabetes. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is higher. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the presence of thyroiditis and gingival status in adults with T1D. A total of 264 patients, 119 men aged 18-45, diagnosed with T1D were included. For further analysis, the study group was divided into two subgroups, with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. Gingival status was assessed with the use of gingival indices. Patients diagnosed with T1D and thyroiditis presented lower plaque accumulation ( = 0.01) and lower-grade gingivitis ( = 0.02). Approximal Plaque Index (API) in all study groups correlated positively with age (Rs = 0.24; = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (Rs = 0.22; = 0.0008), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Rs = 0.18; = 0.006), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (Rs = 0.17; = 0.009), total cholesterol (T-Chol) (Rs = 0.17; = 0.01) and negatively with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Rs = -0.2; = 0.02). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis indicated TSH, BMI and gender as independent predictors of dental plaque accumulation in patients with T1D. Autoimmune thyroiditis was associated with a lower accumulation of dental plaque and better gingival status in patients with T1D.
牙周病被认为是糖尿病的一种慢性并发症。1 型糖尿病（T1D）患者自身免疫性甲状腺炎的患病率更高。本研究旨在确定 T1D 成人患者中甲状腺炎与牙龈状况之间的关系。共纳入 264 名年龄在 18-45 岁的男性 T1D 患者，其中 119 名患者被诊断为甲状腺炎。为了进一步分析，将研究组分为两组，一组有自身免疫性甲状腺炎，一组没有。使用牙龈指数评估牙龈状况。患有 T1D 和甲状腺炎的患者其菌斑堆积程度较低（ = 0.01），牙龈炎程度较轻（ = 0.02）。所有研究组的近中菌斑指数（API）与年龄呈正相关（Rs = 0.24； = 0.0001），与体重指数（BMI）呈正相关（Rs = 0.22； = 0.0008），与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）呈正相关（Rs = 0.18； = 0.006），与超敏 C 反应蛋白（hsCRP）呈正相关（Rs = 0.17； = 0.009），与总胆固醇（T-Chol）呈正相关（Rs = 0.17； = 0.01），与促甲状腺激素（TSH）呈负相关（Rs = -0.2； = 0.02）。逐步多元线性回归分析表明，TSH、BMI 和性别是 T1D 患者牙菌斑堆积的独立预测因子。自身免疫性甲状腺炎与 T1D 患者的牙菌斑堆积减少和更好的牙龈状况有关。
