ESECS-Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 14;20(4):3352. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043352.
Motives and self-esteem play crucial roles in shaping personal behavior and emotions and have been shown to impact well-being. However, the association between these constructs has been overlooked in women who seem to be more externally driven to engage in exercise. The present study was carried out with the objective of analyzing the associations between motives for physical exercise, positive and negative activations, and self-esteem of Portuguese women exercising at gyms and fitness centers. The sample consists of 206 women aged between 16 and 68 years old (M = 35.77; SD = 11.47). Participants answered a short sociodemographic questionnaire, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. The results showed that the health motive had the highest predictive value (β = 0.24; < 0.01) on self-esteem and demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with positive activation and self-esteem ( < 0.01). On the other hand, the social recognition motive had the lowest predictive value on self-esteem (β = -0.04; > 0.05) and demonstrated a non-significant correlation with positive activation and self-esteem ( > 0.05). Looking at the coefficients in the hierarchical regression model, it can be seen that the health motive and positive activation were positively and significantly correlated with self-esteem. This study points to the need to raise awareness about the motives of exercise related to the physical and mental health of Portuguese women. Portuguese women that exercise for health motives display greater perceived self-esteem which is an indication of a greater sense of well-being. While the results are limited to Portuguese women, exercise physiologists assessing exercise motives could provide information on how to prescribe exercise as a means to increase self-esteem, considering the positive activation resulting from this behavior.
动机和自尊在塑造个人行为和情绪方面起着至关重要的作用，并且已经被证明会影响幸福感。然而，在那些似乎更受外部因素驱动去参加锻炼的女性中，这些结构之间的关联却被忽视了。本研究的目的是分析葡萄牙女性在健身房和健身中心锻炼时的运动动机、积极和消极激活与自尊之间的关系。样本由 206 名年龄在 16 至 68 岁之间的女性组成（M = 35.77；SD = 11.47）。参与者回答了一个简短的社会人口学问卷、运动目的内容问卷、积极和消极情绪量表以及罗森伯格自尊量表。结果表明，健康动机对自尊具有最高的预测值（β = 0.24； < 0.01），与积极激活和自尊呈正相关（ < 0.01）。另一方面，社会认可动机对自尊的预测值最低（β = -0.04； > 0.05），与积极激活和自尊无显著相关性（ > 0.05）。从层次回归模型中的系数可以看出，健康动机和积极激活与自尊呈正相关且显著。本研究表明，需要提高葡萄牙女性对与身心健康相关的运动动机的认识。出于健康动机而锻炼的葡萄牙女性表现出更高的自我感知自尊，这表明她们的幸福感更高。虽然这些结果仅限于葡萄牙女性，但评估运动动机的运动生理学家可以提供关于如何规定运动以提高自尊的信息，因为这种行为会带来积极的激活。
