Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Albertinen Krankenhaus, 22457 Hamburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 7;24(4):3334. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043334.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Varied mechanisms of injury contribute to the heterogeneity of this patient population as demonstrated by the multiple published grading scales and diverse required criteria leading to diagnoses from mild to severe. TBI pathophysiology is classically separated into a primary injury that is characterized by local tissue destruction as a result of the initial blow, followed by a secondary phase of injury constituted by a score of incompletely understood cellular processes including reperfusion injury, disruption to the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and metabolic dysregulation. There are currently no effective pharmacological treatments in the wide-spread use for TBI, in large part due to challenges associated with the development of clinically representative in vitro and in vivo models. Poloxamer 188 (P188), a Food and Drug Administration-approved amphiphilic triblock copolymer embeds itself into the plasma membrane of damaged cells. P188 has been shown to have neuroprotective properties on various cell types. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on in vitro models of TBI treated with P188.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球发病率和死亡率的重要原因。多种损伤机制导致了这一患者群体的异质性，这表现在多个已发表的分级量表和不同的诊断标准上，从轻到重不等。TBI 的病理生理学经典地分为原发性损伤，其特征是由于最初的打击导致局部组织破坏，然后是继发性损伤阶段，由一系列尚未完全理解的细胞过程组成，包括再灌注损伤、血脑屏障破坏、兴奋毒性和代谢失调。目前，TBI 还没有广泛使用的有效药物治疗方法，这在很大程度上是由于与开发具有临床代表性的体外和体内模型相关的挑战所致。泊洛沙姆 188（P188）是一种已获美国食品和药物管理局批准的两亲性三嵌段共聚物，可嵌入受损细胞的质膜中。研究表明，P188 对各种细胞类型具有神经保护作用。本综述的目的是总结目前关于用 P188 治疗 TBI 的体外模型的文献。
