International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Feb 14;59(2):364. doi: 10.3390/medicina59020364.
Since vaccines are in fact manufactured chemical compounds such as drugs, the appearance of side effects following their use is not surprising. Similarly, as the main goal of vaccines is to stimulate the immune system bringing out the production of protective antibodies, autoimmune-related side effects as a consequence of increased immune activity do not seem irrational. Fortunately, the rate of such side effects is low; however, the importance of reporting adverse events following vaccinations, understanding the mechanisms behind their appearance, making early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment cannot be overemphasized. In fact, autoimmune-related side effects of vaccines, particularly those based on adjuvants, were reported long before the introduction of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). Nevertheless, ASIA gathered and united the side effects of vaccines under one title, a step which helped organize the research and call for better immune stimulators than adjuvants. New technologies and methods of making vaccines were clearly noticed during the pandemic of COVID-19 after the introduction of mRNA-based vaccines. In our current paper, we introduce the notion of side effects to vaccines, particularly those of autoimmune nature, the mechanisms of ASIA, and the main vaccines linked with the syndrome including the recent COVID-19 vaccines. The transition from side effects to ASIA is the main idea behind our work.
由于疫苗实际上是制造的化学化合物，如药物，因此在使用后出现副作用并不奇怪。同样，由于疫苗的主要目标是刺激免疫系统产生保护性抗体，因此由于免疫活性增加而引起的自身免疫相关副作用似乎也并非不合理。幸运的是，这种副作用的发生率很低；但是，报告疫苗接种后不良事件、了解其出现机制、早期诊断和适当治疗的重要性怎么强调都不为过。事实上，自身免疫相关的疫苗副作用，特别是那些基于佐剂的疫苗副作用，早在佐剂引起的自身免疫/炎症综合征（ASIA）出现之前就已经有报道了。然而，ASIA 将疫苗的副作用汇集在一起，并冠以同一标题，这有助于组织研究并呼吁使用比佐剂更好的免疫刺激剂。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，mRNA 疫苗问世后，人们明显注意到了疫苗的新技术和新方法。在我们当前的论文中，我们介绍了疫苗的副作用，特别是那些自身免疫性的副作用，ASIA 的机制，以及与该综合征相关的主要疫苗，包括最近的 COVID-19 疫苗。从副作用到 ASIA 的转变是我们工作的主要思路。
