Ray Amitabha, Moore Thomas F, Pandit Rajashree, Burke Adam D, Borsch Daniel M
College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
D'Youville University, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jul 5;12(7):963. doi: 10.3390/biology12070963.
In cancer development and its clinical course, bacteria can be involved in etiology and secondary infection. Regarding etiology, various epidemiological studies have revealed that can directly impact gastric carcinogenesis. The -associated virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A perhaps plays an important role through different mechanisms such as aberrant DNA methylation, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many other bacteria, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas, can also affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although is involved in both gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, its role in the latter disease is more complicated. Among other bacterial species, is linked with a diverse range of diseases including cancers of different sites. The cellular organizations of are highly complex. Interestingly, is believed to be associated with colon cancer development. Microorganisms such as and are frequently isolated from secondary infections in cancer patients. In these patients, the common sites of infection are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. There is an alarming rise in infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria and the scarcity of suitable antimicrobial agents adversely influences prognosis. Therefore, effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies is important in cancer patients.
在癌症的发生发展及其临床过程中，细菌可参与病因学及继发感染。关于病因学，各种流行病学研究表明，[细菌名称]可直接影响胃癌发生。与[细菌名称]相关的毒力因子细胞毒素相关基因A可能通过不同机制发挥重要作用，如异常DNA甲基化、核因子κB激活以及Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号通路的调节。许多其他细菌，包括沙门氏菌和假单胞菌，也可影响Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号。虽然[细菌名称]与胃腺癌和黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤均有关，但它在后者疾病中的作用更为复杂。在其他细菌种类中，[细菌名称]与包括不同部位癌症在内的多种疾病相关。[细菌名称]的细胞结构高度复杂。有趣的是，[细菌名称]被认为与结肠癌发生有关。诸如[细菌名称]和[细菌名称]等微生物常从癌症患者的继发感染中分离出来。在这些患者中，常见感染部位为呼吸道、胃肠道和泌尿道。耐多药细菌感染惊人地增加，且合适抗菌药物的短缺对预后产生不利影响。因此，在癌症患者中有效实施抗菌药物管理策略很重要。
