Cournoyer Aurore, Bazinet Laurent
Department of Food Sciences, Laboratoire de Transformation Alimentaire et Procédés ÉlectroMembranaires (LTAPEM, Laboratory of Food Processing and ElectroMembrane Processes), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Research Center (STELA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Membranes (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;13(2):205. doi: 10.3390/membranes13020205.
Wastewater and by-product treatments are substantial issues with consequences for our society, both in terms of environmental impacts and economic losses. With an overall global objective of sustainable development, it is essential to offer eco-efficient and circular solutions. Indeed, one of the major solutions to limit the use of new raw materials and the production of wastes is the transition toward a circular economy. Industries must find ways to close their production loops. Electrodialysis (ED) processes such as conventional ED, selective ED, ED with bipolar membranes, and ED with filtration membranes are processes that have demonstrated, in the past decades and recently, their potential and eco-efficiency. This review presents the most recent valorization opportunities among different industrial sectors (water, food, mining, chemistry, etc.) to manage waste or by-product resources through electrodialysis processes and to improve global industrial sustainability by moving toward circular processes. The limitations of existing studies are raised, especially concerning eco-efficiency. Indeed, electrodialysis processes can be optimized to decrease energy consumption and costs, and to increase efficiency; however, eco-efficiency scores should be determined to compare electrodialysis with conventional processes and support their advantages. The review shows the high potential of the different types of electrodialysis processes to treat wastewaters and liquid by-products in order to add value or to generate new raw materials. It also highlights the strong interest in using eco-efficient processes within a circular economy. The ideal scenario for sustainable development would be to make a transition toward an eco-circular economy.
废水和副产品处理是对我们社会有重大影响的问题，无论是在环境影响还是经济损失方面。在可持续发展的总体全球目标下，提供生态高效和循环的解决方案至关重要。事实上，限制新原材料使用和废物产生的主要解决方案之一是向循环经济转型。工业必须找到封闭其生产循环的方法。诸如传统电渗析、选择性电渗析、双极膜电渗析和过滤膜电渗析等电渗析过程在过去几十年乃至最近都已证明了它们的潜力和生态效率。本综述介绍了不同工业部门（水、食品、采矿、化学等）中最新的增值机会，即通过电渗析过程管理废物或副产品资源，并通过向循环过程转变来提高全球工业可持续性。文中提出了现有研究的局限性，特别是在生态效率方面。的确，电渗析过程可以进行优化以降低能耗和成本，并提高效率；然而，应确定生态效率得分以将电渗析与传统过程进行比较并支持其优势。该综述表明不同类型的电渗析过程在处理废水和液体副产品以增加价值或产生新原材料方面具有很高的潜力。它还强调了在循环经济中使用生态高效过程的浓厚兴趣。可持续发展的理想情景是向生态循环经济转型。
