Chan Ki-Kei, Chan Ting-Fung, Bendena William, Hui Jerome H L
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Metabolites. 2023 Jan 19;13(2):152. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020152.
The importance of RNAs is commonly recognised thanks to protein-coding RNAs, whereas non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were conventionally regarded as 'junk'. In the last decade, ncRNAs' significance and roles are becoming noticeable in various biological activities, including those in hormonal and metabolic regulation. Among the ncRNAs: microRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA transcript with ~20 nucleotides in length; long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an RNA transcript with >200 nucleotides; and circular RNA (circRNA) is derived from back-splicing of pre-mRNA. These ncRNAs can regulate gene expression levels at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels through various mechanisms in insects. A better understanding of these crucial regulators is essential to both basic and applied entomology. In this review, we intend to summarise and discuss the current understanding and knowledge of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the best-studied insect model, the fruit fly .
由于蛋白质编码RNA，RNA的重要性已得到普遍认可，而传统上非编码RNA（ncRNA）被视为“垃圾”。在过去十年中，ncRNA在包括激素和代谢调节在内的各种生物活动中的重要性和作用正变得日益显著。在ncRNA中：微小RNA（miRNA）是一种长度约为20个核苷酸的小RNA转录本；长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一种长度大于200个核苷酸的RNA转录本；环状RNA（circRNA）来源于前体mRNA的反向剪接。这些ncRNA可以通过昆虫体内的各种机制在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平上调节基因表达水平。更好地理解这些关键调节因子对于基础昆虫学和应用昆虫学都至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们打算总结并讨论在研究得最透彻的昆虫模型果蝇中，目前对miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA的理解和认识。
