Pavlidou Eleni, Papadopoulou Sousana K, Fasoulas Aristeidis, Mantzorou Maria, Giaginis Constantinos
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Metabolites. 2023 Feb 6;13(2):240. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020240.
The popularity of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) in the last few decades has motivated several research studies on their role in a variety of metabolic and non-morbid conditions. The available data of the results of these studies are put under the research perspective of the present literature review of clinical studies in search of the effects of LCDs on Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. The electronic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. The literature search found seven studies that met the review's inclusion and exclusion criteria out of a total of 2637 studies. The included studies involved randomized controlled trials of at least 12 weeks' duration, in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m, with dietary interventions. The results of the study on the effects of LCDs on obesity showed their effectiveness in reducing Body Mass Index and total body fat mass. In addition, LCDs appear to cause drops in blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, and seem to improve high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values. Regarding the effectiveness of LCDs in Diabetes Mellitus, their effect on reducing insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose and HbA1c values are supported. In conclusion, the results suggest the critical role of LCDs to improve the health of people affected by obesity or diabetes.
在过去几十年中，低碳水化合物饮食（LCDs）的流行促使了多项关于其在各种代谢和非疾病状况中作用的研究。这些研究结果的现有数据被置于当前临床研究文献综述的研究视角之下，以探寻低碳水化合物饮食对肥胖症和糖尿病的影响。在PubMed、Cochrane和Embase数据库中进行了电子文献检索。在总共2637项研究中，文献检索发现了7项符合综述纳入和排除标准的研究。纳入的研究涉及对BMI≥25 kg/m的受试者进行至少12周时长的随机对照试验，并进行饮食干预。关于低碳水化合物饮食对肥胖症影响的研究结果表明，它们在降低体重指数和全身脂肪量方面是有效的。此外，低碳水化合物饮食似乎会使血压、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和甘油三酯下降，并且似乎会改善高密度脂蛋白（HDL）值。关于低碳水化合物饮食在糖尿病方面的有效性，其在降低胰岛素抵抗、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）值方面的作用得到了支持。总之，结果表明低碳水化合物饮食在改善肥胖或糖尿病患者健康方面具有关键作用。
