Tadesse Melkie Getnet, Kasaw Esubalew, Lübben Jörn Felix
Sustainable Engineering (STE), Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72458 Albstadt, Germany.
Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 1037, Ethiopia.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Jan 27;14(2):330. doi: 10.3390/mi14020330.
Sustainable and environmentally friendly activated carbon from biomass materials is proposed to produce supercapacitors from banana peels and has the potential to replace the non-sustainable and hazardous process from either graphite or/and fossil fuels. In order to determine the potential of using banana peel for supercapacitor application, raw banana peel, a bio-waste, was activated both mechanically and chemically to observe the real differences. The sample was activated at 700 °C and chemically activated using KOH. Characterization of activated banana peel was performed using FTIR, DLS, TGA and XRD analytical equipment. FTIR analysis revised the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and aromatic compounds on a banana peel cellulose-based carbon. The TGA results proved that 700 °C could be sufficient to totally carbonize banana peel. DLS clearly showed a strong difference between the carbonized and KOH-activated material in particle size distribution. Meanwhile, surface area analysis using BET displayed an increase from 553.862 m/g to 565.024 m/g BET in surface area (SBET) when carbon was activated using KOH with a nitrogen isotherm at 77.350 K. Specific capacitance was increased from 0.3997 Fg to 0.821 Fg, suggesting more than a 100% increase in the specific capacity due to KOH activation, as proved by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the patterns of activated carbon. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of using banana peel waste as a low-cost and sustainable material for the preparation of flexible supercapacitor batteries.
有人提出用生物质材料制备可持续且环保的活性炭，以利用香蕉皮生产超级电容器，这种方法有潜力取代由石墨或/和化石燃料产生的不可持续且有害的工艺。为了确定香蕉皮用于超级电容器的潜力，将作为生物废料的生香蕉皮进行了机械活化和化学活化，以观察实际差异。样品在700℃下活化，并使用KOH进行化学活化。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、动态光散射仪（DLS）、热重分析仪（TGA）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）等分析设备对活化后的香蕉皮进行表征。FTIR分析证实了香蕉皮纤维素基碳上存在羟基、羰基和芳香族化合物。TGA结果证明700℃足以使香蕉皮完全碳化。DLS清楚地显示了碳化材料和KOH活化材料在粒度分布上的显著差异。同时，使用BET法进行的表面积分析表明，当在77.350K下用氮气等温线、使用KOH对碳进行活化时，比表面积（SBET）从553.862m²/g增加到565.024m²/g。循环伏安法（CV）曲线证明，比电容从0.3997F/g增加到0.821F/g，这表明由于KOH活化，比容量增加了100%以上。X射线衍射结果揭示了活性炭的图谱。研究结果表明，利用香蕉皮废料作为低成本且可持续的材料制备柔性超级电容器电池是可行的。
