Giri Ved Prakash, Shukla Pallavi, Tripathi Ashutosh, Verma Priya, Kumar Navinit, Pandey Shipra, Dimkpa Christian O, Mishra Aradhana
Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Hasanganj, Lucknow 226007, India.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Feb 11;12(4):815. doi: 10.3390/plants12040815.
Climate change is more likely to have a detrimental effect on the world's productive assets. Several undesirable conditions and practices, including extreme temperature, drought, and uncontrolled use of agrochemicals, result in stresses that strain agriculture. In addition, nutritional inadequacies in food crops are wreaking havoc on human health, especially in rural regions of less developed countries. This could be because plants are unable to absorb the nutrients in conventional fertilizers, or these fertilizers have an inappropriate or unbalanced nutrient composition. Chemical fertilizers have been used for centuries and have considerably increased crop yields. However, they also disrupt soil quality and structure, eventually impacting the entire ecosystem. To address the situation, it is necessary to develop advanced materials that can release nutrients to targeted points in the plant-soil environment or appropriate receptors on the leaf in the case of foliar applications. Recently, nanotechnology-based interventions have been strongly encouraged to meet the world's growing food demand and to promote food security in an environmentally friendly manner. Biological approaches for the synthesis of nanoscale agro-materials have become a promising area of research, with a wide range of product types such as nanopesticides, nanoinsecticides, nanoherbicides, nanobactericides/fungicides, bio-conjugated nanocomplexes, and nanoemulsions emerging therefrom. These materials are more sustainable and target-oriented than conventional agrochemicals. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on major abiotic and biotic stresses that are detrimental to plant growth and productivity. We comprehensively discussed the different forms of nanoscale agro-materials and provided an overview of biological approaches in nano-enabled strategies that can efficiently alleviate plant biotic and abiotic stresses while potentially enhancing the nutritional values of plants.
气候变化更有可能对世界的生产性资产产生不利影响。包括极端温度、干旱和农用化学品的无节制使用在内的一些不良状况和做法，导致了给农业带来压力的各种胁迫因素。此外，粮食作物中的营养不足正在对人类健康造成严重破坏，尤其是在欠发达国家的农村地区。这可能是因为植物无法吸收传统肥料中的养分，或者这些肥料的养分组成不合适或不均衡。化肥已经使用了几个世纪，大幅提高了作物产量。然而，它们也破坏了土壤质量和结构，最终影响整个生态系统。为了解决这一问题，有必要开发能够将养分释放到植物 - 土壤环境中的目标点或在叶面喷施情况下释放到叶片上合适受体的先进材料。最近，基于纳米技术的干预措施受到大力鼓励，以满足世界不断增长的粮食需求并以环境友好的方式促进粮食安全。生物合成纳米级农用材料的方法已成为一个有前景的研究领域，由此出现了多种产品类型，如纳米农药、纳米杀虫剂、纳米除草剂、纳米杀菌剂/杀真菌剂、生物共轭纳米复合物和纳米乳液。这些材料比传统农用化学品更具可持续性且更具针对性。在本文中，我们回顾了有关对植物生长和生产力有害的主要非生物和生物胁迫的文献。我们全面讨论了纳米级农用材料的不同形式，并概述了纳米技术策略中的生物方法，这些方法可以有效缓解植物的生物和非生物胁迫，同时有可能提高植物的营养价值。
