Carro-Huerga Guzmán, Mayo-Prieto Sara, Rodríguez-González Álvaro, Cardoza Rosa E, Gutiérrez Santiago, Casquero Pedro A
Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Campus de Ponferrada, Universidad de León, Avenida Astorga s/n, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Feb 16;12(4):887. doi: 10.3390/plants12040887.
Native strains of in vineyard soil represent an opportunity for reducing the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in vineyards. Moreover, its relationship with the environment (physicochemical soil characteristics and farming management practices) remains unclear. In the current study, a survey was carried out on farming management used by viticulturists, and soil samples were studied to analyze their physicochemical properties and to isolate strains. Later, statistical analyses were performed to identify possible correlations between populations, soil management and soil characteristics. In addition, tests, including antibiosis and mycoparasitism, were performed to select those strains able to antagonize . In this study a positive correlation was found between the iron content and pH in the soil, and a lower pH increases populations in soils. Vineyard management also affects populations in the soil, negatively in the case of fertilization and tillage and positively in the case of herbicide spraying. Two native strains were selected as potential biocontrol agents ( T065 and T087) using antibiosis and mycoparasitism as mechanisms of action. These results led to the conclusion that native strains hold great potential as biological control agents and as producers of secondary metabolites.
葡萄园土壤中的本土菌株为降低葡萄园葡萄树干病害（GTDs）的发生率提供了契机。此外，其与环境（土壤理化特性和耕作管理措施）之间的关系仍不明确。在本研究中，对葡萄种植者采用的耕作管理进行了调查，并对土壤样本进行研究，以分析其理化性质并分离菌株。随后，进行统计分析以确定菌株种群、土壤管理和土壤特性之间可能存在的相关性。此外，还进行了包括抗菌和菌寄生在内的测试，以筛选出能够拮抗的菌株。在本研究中，发现土壤中铁含量与pH值呈正相关，较低的pH值会增加土壤中的菌株种群。葡萄园管理也会影响土壤中的菌株种群，施肥和耕作会产生负面影响，而喷洒除草剂则会产生正面影响。利用抗菌和菌寄生作为作用机制，筛选出两株本土菌株作为潜在的生物防治剂（T065和T087）。这些结果得出结论，本土菌株作为生物防治剂和次生代谢产物生产者具有巨大潜力。
