Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Insitutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Apr;122(4):1007-1017. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04897-4. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
In young adults, the hormonal responses to resistance exercise are amplified by normobaric hypoxia. Hormone concentrations and metabolism are typically dysregulated with age, yet the impact of hypoxia on these responses to resistance exercise are uncharacterised. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise the acute and chronic hormonal and metabolic responses of older adults to resistance training in normobaric hypoxia.
Adults aged 60-75 years completed 8 weeks of resistance training in either normoxia (20.9% O; n = 10) or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O, n = 10) twice weekly at 70% of their predicted 1-repetition maximum. Growth hormone, glucose, lactate, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cortisol, total testosterone, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine were quantified at pre- and post-training, and in the 60 min following the first training session (untrained state) and the last training session (trained state).
Eight weeks of training in hypoxia did not affect the resting levels of the hormones or physiological factors measured. However, hypoxia significantly blunted the acute growth hormone response in the 15 min following the last training session at week eight (43.87% lower in the hypoxic group; p = 0.017). This novel and unexpected finding requires further investigation. All other hormones were unaffected acutely by hypoxia in the 60 min following the first and the last training session.
Chronic resistance training in normobaric hypoxia supresses the growth hormone response to exercise in older adults. All other hormones and metabolic markers were unaffected both acutely and chronically by hypoxia.
在年轻人中，常压低氧会增强抗阻运动的激素反应。随着年龄的增长，激素浓度和代谢通常会失调，但缺氧对这些抗阻运动反应的影响尚未确定。因此，本研究旨在描述常压低氧对老年人抗阻训练的急性和慢性激素和代谢反应。
年龄在 60-75 岁的成年人在常氧（20.9% O）或常压低氧（14.4% O）中每周两次完成 8 周的抗阻训练，强度为预测 1 次重复最大值的 70%。在训练前和训练后，以及第一次训练后的 60 分钟（未训练状态）和最后一次训练后的 60 分钟（训练状态），测定生长激素、葡萄糖、乳酸、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、皮质醇、总睾酮、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的浓度。
8 周的低氧训练并未影响测量的激素或生理因素的静息水平。然而，低氧显著抑制了第八周最后一次训练后 15 分钟的急性生长激素反应（低氧组低 43.87%；p=0.017）。这一新颖且出乎意料的发现需要进一步研究。在第一次和最后一次训练后的 60 分钟内，所有其他激素在急性低氧状态下均不受影响。
常压低氧下的慢性抗阻训练抑制了老年人运动后的生长激素反应。所有其他激素和代谢标志物在急性和慢性低氧状态下均不受影响。
