Chen Zhijian, Wang Linjie, Cardoso Juan Andres, Zhu Shengnan, Liu Guodao, Rao Idupulapati M, Lin Yan
Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Feb 10;14:1094157. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1094157. eCollection 2023.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development, and it is an integral part of the major organic components, including nucleic acids, proteins and phospholipids. Although total P is abundant in most soils, a large amount of P is not easily absorbed by plants. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the plant-available P, which is generally immobile and of low availability in soils. Hence, Pi starvation is a major constraint limiting plant growth and productivity. Enhancing plant P efficiency can be achieved by improving P acquisition efficiency (PAE) through modification of morpho-physiological and biochemical alteration in root traits that enable greater acquisition of external Pi from soils. Major advances have been made to dissect the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to P deficiency, especially for legumes, which are considered important dietary sources for humans and livestock. This review aims to describe how legume root growth responds to Pi starvation, such as changes in the growth of primary root, lateral roots, root hairs and cluster roots. In particular, it summarizes the various strategies of legumes to confront P deficiency by regulating root traits that contribute towards improving PAE. Within these complex responses, a large number of Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes and regulators involved in the developmental and biochemical alteration of root traits are highlighted. The involvement of key functional genes and regulators in remodeling root traits provides new opportunities for developing legume varieties with maximum PAE needed for regenerative agriculture.
磷（P）是植物生长发育必需的大量营养素之一，它是包括核酸、蛋白质和磷脂在内的主要有机成分的组成部分。尽管大多数土壤中总磷含量丰富，但大量的磷不易被植物吸收。无机磷酸盐（Pi）是植物可利用的磷，其在土壤中通常难以移动且有效性较低。因此，磷饥饿是限制植物生长和生产力的主要因素。通过改变根系性状的形态生理和生化特征，提高对土壤中外部磷的获取能力，从而提高磷获取效率（PAE），可以增强植物的磷效率。在剖析植物适应磷缺乏的机制方面已经取得了重大进展，特别是对于豆类植物，它们被认为是人类和牲畜重要的食物来源。本综述旨在描述豆类植物根系生长如何响应磷饥饿，例如主根、侧根、根毛和簇生根生长的变化。特别是，它总结了豆类植物通过调节根系性状来应对磷缺乏的各种策略，这些策略有助于提高PAE。在这些复杂的反应中，大量参与根系性状发育和生化改变的磷饥饿诱导（PSI）基因和调节因子被重点介绍。关键功能基因和调节因子参与根系性状重塑，为培育具有再生农业所需最大PAE的豆类品种提供了新机会。
