SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
BMJ Open. 2022 Mar 16;12(3):e054367. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054367.
Many smokers initiate smoking during adolescence. Making tobacco products less affordable is one of the best ways to control tobacco use. Studies on the effect of relative income price (RIP (ie, affordability)) of cigarettes on smoking initiation are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where data are limited. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of cigarette RIP on adolescent smoking initiation in Ghana.
The study uses a pseudo-longitudinal data set constructed from the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys (GYTS (2000-2009 and 2017)) and RIP for the most sold cigarette brand in Ghana.
The GYTS is a national survey on adolescents.
Effect of RIP on adolescent smoking initiation in Ghana.
Using the GYTS 2000-2009 data, we find that the probability of smoking initiation falls significantly in response to a higher RIP, with an elasticity of -0.372 (95% CI -0.701 to -0.042) for the unmatched sample and -0.490 (95% CI -0.818 to -0.161) for the matched sample. The RIP elasticity for women ((-0.888) (95% CI -1.384 to -0.392) and (-0.928) (95% CI -1.434 to -0.422)) is statistically significant at 1% in both the unmatched and the matched samples, respectively, while the RIP elasticity for men is statistically insignificant in the 2000-2009 surveys. Analysis of the 2017 GYTS shows a similar outcome: a negative relationship between RIP and smoking initiation, and the results are statistically significant for both men and women, and for both matched and unmatched samples.
The affordability (RIP) of cigarettes is negatively related to the probability of smoking initiation among adolescents in Ghana. Raising tobacco taxes in line with income growth would make cigarettes less affordable and dissuade adolescents from initiating smoking.
许多吸烟者在青少年时期开始吸烟。使烟草产品价格更实惠是控制烟草使用的最佳方法之一。关于香烟相对收入价格（即负担能力）对吸烟起始的影响的研究在低收入和中等收入国家很少，特别是在数据有限的撒哈拉以南非洲。本研究的目的是检验香烟相对收入价格对加纳青少年吸烟起始的影响。
本研究使用从全球青年烟草调查（GYTS（2000-2009 年和 2017 年））构建的伪纵向数据集和加纳最畅销香烟品牌的相对收入价格（RIP）来研究这个问题。
GYTS 是一项关于青少年的全国性调查。
RIP 对加纳青少年吸烟起始的影响。
使用 GYTS 2000-2009 年的数据，我们发现，随着 RIP 的升高，吸烟起始的概率显著下降，未匹配样本的弹性为-0.372（95%CI-0.701 至-0.042），匹配样本的弹性为-0.490（95%CI-0.818 至-0.161）。女性的 RIP 弹性（（-0.888）（95%CI-1.384 至-0.392）和（-0.928）（95%CI-1.434 至-0.422））在未匹配和匹配样本中分别在 1%的水平上具有统计学意义，而男性的 RIP 弹性在 2000-2009 年的调查中没有统计学意义。对 2017 年 GYTS 的分析显示出类似的结果：RIP 与吸烟起始之间存在负相关关系，并且结果对男性和女性以及匹配和未匹配样本均具有统计学意义。
在加纳，香烟的负担能力（RIP）与青少年吸烟起始的概率呈负相关。根据收入增长提高烟草税将使香烟价格更加实惠，并劝阻青少年吸烟。
