Howlin Claire, Walsh Rosemary, D'Alton Paul, Rooney Brendan
Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Experimental Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Arts and Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 9;13:969377. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.969377. eCollection 2022.
Music interventions for pain are more successful when patients choose the music themselves. But little is known about the attentional strategies used by chronic pain patients when choosing or using music for pain management, and the degree to which these attentional strategies align with the cognitive mechanisms outlines in the cognitive vitality model (CVM, a recently developed theoretical framework that outlines five cognitive mechanisms that mediate the analgesic effects of music for pain management). To investigate this question, we used a sequential explanatory mixed method approach, which included a survey, online music listening experiment, and qualitative data collection, with chronic pain patients (n=70). First, we asked chronic pain patients to name a piece of music that they would use to manage their chronic pain, and answer 19 questions about why they chose that particular piece of music using a questionnaire based on the CVM. Next, we asked chronic pain patients to listen to high energy and low energy pieces of music, to understand aesthetic music preferences and emotional responses at the group level. Finally, participants were asked to qualitatively tell us how they used music to manage their pain. Factor Analysis was completed on the survey data, and identified a five-factor structure in participant responses that was consistent with five mechanisms identified in the CVM. Regression analysis indicated that chronic pain patients choose music for pain management if they think it will facilitate . refers to the degree to which the music can provide an immersive and absorbing experience. refers to having an increased feeling of control. At the group level, participants reported a preference for low energy music, and reported that they found high energy music more irritating. However, is it important to note that individual people had different music preferences. Thematic synthesis of patient responses highlighted how these processes mediate the analgesic benefits of music listening from the perspective of chronic pain patients, and highlighted the wide range of music used by participants for chronic pain management including electronic dance music, heavy metal and Beethoven. These findings demonstrate that chronic pain patients use specific attentional strategies when using music for pain management, and these strategies align with the cognitive vitality model.
当患者自己选择音乐时，音乐干预对疼痛的缓解更为有效。但是，对于慢性疼痛患者在选择或使用音乐进行疼痛管理时所采用的注意力策略，以及这些注意力策略与认知活力模型（CVM，一个最近开发的理论框架，概述了介导音乐对疼痛管理镇痛作用的五种认知机制）中概述的认知机制的契合程度，我们知之甚少。为了研究这个问题，我们对70名慢性疼痛患者采用了顺序解释性混合方法，包括一项调查、在线音乐聆听实验和定性数据收集。首先，我们让慢性疼痛患者说出一首他们会用来管理慢性疼痛的音乐，并使用基于CVM的问卷回答19个关于他们为什么选择这首特定音乐的问题。接下来，我们让慢性疼痛患者聆听高能量和低能量的音乐，以了解群体层面的审美音乐偏好和情绪反应。最后，参与者被要求定性地告诉我们他们如何使用音乐来管理疼痛。对调查数据进行了因子分析，在参与者的回答中确定了一个五因素结构，与CVM中确定的五种机制一致。回归分析表明，如果慢性疼痛患者认为音乐有助于缓解疼痛，他们会选择用音乐来管理疼痛。沉浸感指音乐能够提供沉浸式和引人入神体验的程度。掌控感指感觉掌控力增强。在群体层面，参与者报告更喜欢低能量音乐，并表示他们觉得高能量音乐更令人烦躁。然而，需要注意的是，个体的音乐偏好各不相同。对患者回答的主题综合突出了这些过程如何从慢性疼痛患者的角度介导聆听音乐的镇痛益处，并突出了参与者用于慢性疼痛管理的广泛音乐类型，包括电子舞曲、重金属和贝多芬的作品。这些发现表明，慢性疼痛患者在使用音乐进行疼痛管理时会采用特定的注意力策略，并且这些策略与认知活力模型相符。
