Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Gastrointestinal Genomes, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Poult Sci. 2023 Apr;102(4):102556. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102556. Epub 2023 Feb 3.
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the essential environmental stressors for the poultry industry in the world. Given its large specific surface area, PM can adsorb and carry a variety of pollutants, including heavy metal ions, ammonia, and persistent organic pollutants such as pathogenic microorganisms. High concentrations of PM induce poultry respiratory inflammation and trigger various diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanism of PM in poultry houses on respiratory diseases has not been clarified due to its complexity and lack of accurate assays. In terms of pathogenesis, there are 3 ways to explain this phenomenon: Inhaled PM irritates the respiratory tract, decreases immune resistance, and causes a respiratory disease; respiratory tract irritation by compounds presents in PM; infections with pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms attached to PM. The latter 2 modes of influence are more harmful. Specifically, PM can induce the respiratory disease through several toxic mechanisms, including ammonia ingestion and bioaccumulation, lung flora dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this review summarizes the characteristics of PM in the poultry house and the impact of poultry PM on respiratory disease and proposes potential pathogenic mechanisms.
颗粒物（PM）是世界范围内家禽养殖业的主要环境应激源之一。由于其较大的比表面积，PM 可以吸附和携带各种污染物，包括重金属离子、氨和持久性有机污染物如病原微生物。高浓度的 PM 会引起家禽呼吸道炎症，并引发各种疾病。然而，由于其复杂性和缺乏准确的检测方法，家禽舍中 PM 引起呼吸道疾病的发病机制尚不清楚。从发病机制上有 3 种方式可以解释这种现象：吸入的 PM 刺激呼吸道，降低免疫抵抗力，引起呼吸道疾病；PM 中存在的化合物刺激呼吸道；附着在 PM 上的致病性和非致病性微生物的感染。后两种影响模式更具危害性。具体来说，PM 可以通过几种毒性机制诱发呼吸道疾病，包括氨摄入和生物蓄积、肺菌群失调、氧化应激和代谢紊乱。因此，本综述总结了家禽舍中 PM 的特性以及家禽 PM 对呼吸道疾病的影响，并提出了潜在的发病机制。
