Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
Research centre of Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2024 Nov;103(11):104119. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104119. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
Conventional cages for laying hens will be banned in Canada as of 2036, and the egg industry is transitioning toward enriched colony housing and aviaries. While higher concentrations of particulate matter have been previously reported in aviaries and other cage-free housing systems, concentrations of total bacteria and archaea suspended in the air are still uncharacterized in Canadian enriched colonies and aviaries. The aim of the present study was to conduct a longitudinal survey of airborne total bacteria and of airborne total archaea in twelve enriched colonies and twelve aviaries in Eastern Canada during a whole laying period. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to reveal and compare bacterial diversity at the start and the end of the production cycle, and during the cold and the warm seasons. Total bacterial and archaeal concentrations were significantly higher in aviaries (p < 0.05) versus enriched colonies, and in the cold season for both housing types (p < 0.05). While flock age did not have a significant effect on total bacterial and archaeal concentrations, it did on bacterial diversity in both enriched colony houses and aviaries (p < 0.05). The 2 housing systems were significantly different in their diversity of bacteria.
2036 年起，加拿大将全面禁止使用传统蛋鸡笼，蛋鸡养殖行业正逐步向集约化鸡舍和开放式鸡舍转型。尽管此前有报道称开放式鸡舍和其他无笼养鸡舍系统中的颗粒物浓度较高，但空气中悬浮的总细菌和古菌浓度在加拿大集约化鸡舍和开放式鸡舍中仍未得到明确。本研究旨在对加拿大东部 12 个集约化鸡舍和 12 个开放式鸡舍在整个产蛋期内的空气中总细菌和总古菌进行纵向调查。使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子高通量测序来揭示和比较生产周期开始和结束时以及冷季和暖季时的细菌多样性。与集约化鸡舍相比，开放式鸡舍中的总细菌和古菌浓度显著更高（p<0.05），且在两种鸡舍类型中，冷季的浓度更高（p<0.05）。虽然鸡群年龄对总细菌和古菌浓度没有显著影响，但对集约化鸡舍和开放式鸡舍中的细菌多样性有影响（p<0.05）。这两种鸡舍系统的细菌多样性有显著差异。
