COVID-19 Department, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Viruses. 2023 Feb 20;15(2):577. doi: 10.3390/v15020577.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global medical emergency with a significant socio-economic impact. People with HIV (PWH), due to the underlying immunosuppression and the particularities of HIV stigma, are considered a vulnerable population at high risk. In this review, we report what is currently known in the available literature with regards to the clinical implications of the overlap of the two epidemics. PWH share the same risk factors for severe COVID-19 as the general population (age, comorbidities), but virological and immunological status also plays an important role. Clinical presentation does not differ significantly, but there are some opportunistic infections that can mimic or co-exist with COVID-19. PWH should be prime candidates for preventative COVID-19 treatments when they are available, but in the setting of resistant strains, this might be not easy. When considering small-molecule medications, physicians need to always remember to address potential interactions with ART, and when considering immunosuppressants, they need to be aware of potential risks for opportunistic infections. COVID-19 shares similarities with HIV in how the public perceives patients-with fear of the unknown and prejudice. There are opportunities for HIV treatment hidden in COVID-19 research with the leaps gained in both monoclonal antibody and vaccine development.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）大流行是一场具有重大社会经济影响的全球卫生紧急事件。由于潜在的免疫抑制和 HIV 污名化的特殊性，艾滋病毒感染者（People with HIV，PWH）被认为是高危脆弱人群。在这篇综述中，我们报告了现有文献中已知的关于这两种流行病重叠的临床意义。与一般人群（年龄、合并症）一样，PWH 也具有导致 COVID-19 重症的相同危险因素，但病毒学和免疫学状态也起着重要作用。临床表现并无显著差异，但有些机会性感染可能与 COVID-19 相似或同时存在。当有预防 COVID-19 的治疗方法时，PWH 应成为主要的候选者，但在耐药株的情况下，这可能并不容易。在考虑小分子药物时，医生需要始终记住要解决与 ART 潜在的相互作用，而在考虑免疫抑制剂时，他们需要注意潜在的机会性感染风险。公众对患者的看法与 HIV 相似，都存在对未知和偏见的恐惧。在 COVID-19 研究中，有机会从单克隆抗体和疫苗开发中获得的飞跃，隐藏着 HIV 治疗的机会。
