School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; email:
Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2023 May 9;19:413-436. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-080359. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
The number of refugees and internally displaced people in 2022 is the largest since World War II, and meta-analyses demonstrate that these people experience elevated rates of mental health problems. This review focuses on the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugee mental health and includes current knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD, risk factors, and apparent differences that exist between PTSD in refugee populations and PTSD in other populations. An emerging literature on understanding mechanisms of PTSD encompasses neural, cognitive, and social processes, which indicate that these factors may not function exactly as they have functioned previously in other PTSD populations. This review recognizes the numerous debates in the literature on PTSD in refugees, including those on such issues as the conceptualization of mental health and the applicability of the PTSD diagnosis across cultures, as well as the challenge of treating PTSD in low- and middle-income countries that lack mental health resources to offer standard PTSD treatments.
2022 年的难民和国内流离失所者人数是第二次世界大战以来最多的，荟萃分析表明，这些人患有心理健康问题的比率较高。本综述重点关注创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在难民心理健康中的作用，包括目前对 PTSD 的流行率、风险因素以及难民人群中的 PTSD 与其他人群中的 PTSD 之间存在的明显差异的了解。关于理解 PTSD 机制的新兴文献包括神经、认知和社会过程，这表明这些因素的作用可能与以前在其他 PTSD 人群中不完全相同。本综述认识到有关难民 PTSD 的文献中有许多争论，包括对心理健康的概念化以及 PTSD 诊断在跨文化中的适用性等问题，以及在缺乏提供 PTSD 标准治疗的精神卫生资源的低收入和中等收入国家治疗 PTSD 的挑战。
