Zhong P L, Ma N, Liu Y F, Dang J J, Shi D, Cai S, Chen L, Liu J Y, Dong Y H, Dong B, Hu P J, Ma J, Song Y
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023 Feb 28;57:20-26. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221008-00964.
To analyze the trend of the detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019. Data from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019 were used, and about 213 833, 212 742 and 209 942 Han students aged 7-18 years were included in this study. The χ² test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia among the subgroups in the survey year, and logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia between different years. A curve-fitting method was used to obtain the growth rate of myopia among Han Chinese students from 2010 to 2019, and the differences in the change of myopia between different age groups were analyzed. In 2019, the overall detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 was 60.1%. The detection rate of urban students (62.7%) was higher than that of rural students (57.4%) and the detection rate of girls (63.5%) was higher than that of boys (56.7%). In 2019, the regional disparities were large in the detection rate of myopia in various provinces, with the lowest in Guizhou (49.6%) and the highest in Zhejiang (71.3%). The detection rate of myopia showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, from 55.5% in 2010 to 57.1% in 2014, and finally to 60.1% in 2019. The gap in the detection rate of myopia between urban and rural children and adolescents gradually shrank. The average annual growth rate of myopia detection rate from 2014 to 2019 was 0.6 percentage points per year, higher than that from 2010 to 2014 about 0.4 percentage points per year. The peak age of the growth rate of myopia detection rate decreased from 12 years in 2010 to 10 years in 2014, and finally to 7 years in 2019. The detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents is still at a high level, and the peak age of the growth rate of myopia detection rate continues to advance.
分析2010年至2019年中国7至18岁汉族儿童青少年近视检出率的变化趋势。使用了2010年、2014年和2019年中国国家学生体质与健康调研的数据，本研究纳入了约213833名、212742名和209942名7至18岁的汉族学生。采用χ²检验比较调查年份各亚组近视患病率的差异，采用logistic回归比较不同年份近视患病率的差异。采用曲线拟合方法得出2010年至2019年汉族学生近视增长率，并分析不同年龄组近视变化的差异。2019年，中国7至18岁汉族儿童青少年近视总体检出率为60.1%。城市学生检出率（62.7%）高于农村学生（57.4%），女生检出率（63.5%）高于男生（56.7%）。2019年，各省近视检出率地区差异较大，贵州最低（49.6%），浙江最高（71.3%）。2010年至2019年近视检出率呈上升趋势，从2010年的55.5%升至2014年的57.1%，最终在2019年达到60.1%。城乡儿童青少年近视检出率差距逐渐缩小。2014年至2019年近视检出率年均增长率为每年0.6个百分点，高于2010年至2014年的每年约0.4个百分点。近视检出率增长率的峰值年龄从2010年的12岁降至2014年的10岁，最终在2019年降至7岁。中国汉族儿童青少年近视检出率仍处于较高水平，近视检出率增长率的峰值年龄持续提前。
