Dong Y H, Liu H B, Wang Z H, Yang Z P, Xu R B, Yang Z G, Ma J
School of Public Health and Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2017 May 10;38(5):583-587. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.05.005.
To understand and evaluate the prevalence of myopia and its trend in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Han ethnic group in China from 2005 to 2014, and provide evidence for the prevention of myopia. The data of 2005, 2010 and 2014 Chinese National Students Constitution and Health Surveys were collected. The children and adolescents with complete detection data of binoculus were selected as study subjects. The sample size of three studies were 233 108, 215 319 and 212 743, respectively. The method of curve fitting was used to simulate the myopia detection increase model and analyze the gender and area specific myopia detection increase trends and characteristics from 2005 to 2014. The overall myopia detection rate increased gradually in the children and adolescents aged 7 to 18, which was 47.5 in 2005, 55.5 in 2010 and 57.1 in 2014, respectively. The increase slowed in 2014. A"parabola" shape of myopia detection increase rate was observed. Myopia detection rate increased with age before puberty and decreased with age after puberty gradually. A"cross phenomenon" of myopia detection increase was observed in boys and girls between urban and rural areas. The increase of myopia detection was mainly in urban students before puberty and in rural students after puberty. The age of myopia prevalence peak has become earlier constantly in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014, which was 13 years old in 2005, 12 years old in 2010 and 11 years old in 2014. The increase rate was about 7. During 2005-2014, the increase rate of myopia detection gradually increased in younger students and tended to zero in older students. The detection rate of myopia was still high in children and adolescents in China. The age of myopia prevalence peak has become earlier gradually.
了解和评估2005年至2014年中国汉族7至18岁儿童青少年近视的患病率及其变化趋势，为近视预防提供依据。收集了2005年、2010年和2014年中国国家学生体质与健康调研的数据。选取双眼检测数据完整的儿童青少年作为研究对象。三项研究的样本量分别为233108、215319和212743。采用曲线拟合方法模拟近视检出率增长模型，分析2005年至2014年不同性别和地区的近视检出率增长趋势及特征。7至18岁儿童青少年的总体近视检出率呈逐渐上升趋势，2005年为47.5%，2010年为55.5%，2014年为57.1%。2014年增速放缓。观察到近视检出率呈“抛物线”形增长。青春期前近视检出率随年龄增加，青春期后随年龄逐渐下降。城乡男女生之间出现近视检出率增长的“交叉现象”。近视检出率的增长在青春期前主要发生在城市学生中，青春期后主要发生在农村学生中。2005年至2014年，7至18岁儿童青少年近视患病率高峰年龄不断提前，2005年为13岁，2010年为12岁，2014年为11岁。增长率约为7%。2005 - 2014年期间，低年级学生近视检出率增长率逐渐上升，高年级学生趋于零。中国儿童青少年近视检出率仍处于高位，近视患病率高峰年龄逐渐提前。
