Petrolini Valentina, Jorba Marta, Vicente Agustín
Linguistics and Basque Studies, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Department of Humanities, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 13;14:1072362. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1072362. eCollection 2023.
Characterizations of autism include multiple references to rigid or inflexible features, but the notion of rigidity itself has received little systematic discussion. In this paper we shed some light on the notion of rigidity in autism by identifying different facets of this phenomenon as discussed in the literature, such as fixed interests, insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, black-and-white mentality, intolerance of uncertainty, ritualized patterns of verbal and non-verbal behavior, literalism, and discomfort with change. Rigidity is typically approached in a disjointed fashion (i.e., facet by facet), although there are recent attempts at providing unifying explanations. Some of these attempts assume that the rigidity facets mainly relate to executive functioning: although such an approach is intuitively persuasive, we argue that there are equally plausible alternative explanations. We conclude by calling for more research on the different facets of rigidity and on how they cluster together in the autistic population, while suggesting some ways in which intervention could benefit from a finer-grained view of rigidity.
自闭症的特征包括多次提及刻板或僵化的特点，但僵化这一概念本身却很少得到系统的讨论。在本文中，我们通过识别文献中所讨论的这一现象的不同方面，如固定兴趣、坚持相同、僵化地遵守日常惯例、非黑即白的思维方式、对不确定性的不容忍、言语和非言语行为的仪式化模式、拘泥字面意义以及对变化的不适，来阐明自闭症中僵化的概念。僵化通常是以不连贯的方式（即逐个方面）来探讨的，尽管最近有人试图提供统一的解释。其中一些尝试认为僵化的各个方面主要与执行功能有关：尽管这种方法在直觉上具有说服力，但我们认为也有同样合理的其他解释。我们呼吁对僵化的不同方面以及它们在自闭症群体中如何聚集在一起进行更多研究，并提出一些干预措施可以从对僵化更细致的理解中受益的方式，以此作为结论。
