Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jun 1;875:162461. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162461. Epub 2023 Mar 1.
Since ancient times, breastfeeding has been the fundamental way of nurturing the newborn. The benefits of breast milk are widely known, as it is a source of essential nutrients and provides immunological protection, as well as developmental benefits, among others. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula is the most appropriate alternative. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the infant, and its quality is subject to strict control by the authorities. Nonetheless, the presence of different pollutants has been detected in both matrices. Thus, the aim of the present review is to make a comparison between the findings in both breast milk and infant formula in terms of contaminants in the last decade, in order to choose the most convenient option depending on the environmental conditions. For that, the emerging pollutants including metals, chemical compounds derived from heat treatment, pharmaceutical drugs, mycotoxins, pesticides, packaging materials, and other contaminants were described. While in breast milk the most concerning contaminants found were metals and pesticides, in infant formula pollutants such as metals, mycotoxins, and packaging materials were the most outstanding. In conclusion, the convenience of using a feeding diet based on breast milk or either infant formula depends on the maternal environmental circumstances. However, it is important to take into account the immunological benefits of the breast milk compared to the infant formula, and the possibility of using breast milk in combination with infant formula when the nutritional requirements are not fulfilled only with the intake of breast milk. Therefore, more attention should be paid in terms of analyzing these conditions in each case to be able to make a proper decision, as it will vary depending on the maternal and newborn environment.
自古以来，母乳喂养一直是养育新生儿的基本方式。母乳的好处众所周知，它是必需营养物质的来源，并提供免疫保护以及发育益处等。然而，当母乳喂养不可行时，婴儿配方奶是最合适的替代品。其成分符合婴儿的营养需求，其质量受到当局的严格控制。尽管如此，在这两种基质中都检测到了不同的污染物。因此，本综述的目的是比较过去十年中母乳和婴儿配方奶中污染物的发现，以便根据环境条件选择最合适的选择。为此，描述了新兴污染物，包括金属、热处理衍生的化学化合物、药物、霉菌毒素、农药、包装材料和其他污染物。在母乳中，发现的最令人关注的污染物是金属和农药，而在婴儿配方奶中，金属、霉菌毒素和包装材料等污染物最为突出。总之，根据产妇的环境情况，使用基于母乳或婴儿配方奶的喂养饮食更为方便。然而，重要的是要考虑到母乳与婴儿配方奶相比的免疫益处，以及在仅通过母乳喂养不能满足营养需求时，使用母乳与婴儿配方奶结合的可能性。因此，应更加关注在每种情况下分析这些情况，以便能够做出适当的决定，因为这将根据产妇和新生儿的环境而有所不同。
