Safari Mohammad, Moghaddam Armaghan, Salehi Moghaddam Abolfazl, Absalan Moloud, Kruppke Benjamin, Ruckdäschel Holger, Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Talanta. 2023 Jun 1;258:124399. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124399. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
According to the latest report by International Agency for Research on Cancer, 19.3 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths were globally reported in 2020. Early diagnosis can reduce these numbers significantly, and biosensors have appeared to be a solution to this problem as, unlike the traditional methods, they have low cost, rapid process, and do not need experts present on site for use. These devices have been incorporated to detect many cancer biomarkers and measure cancer drug delivery. To design these biosensors, a researcher must know about their different types, properties of nanomaterials, and cancer biomarkers. Among all types of biosensors, electrochemical and optical biosensors are the most sensitive and promising sensors for detecting complicated diseases like cancer. The carbon-based nanomaterial family has attracted lots of attention due to their low cost, easy preparation, biocompatibility, and significant electrochemical and optical properties. In this review, we have discussed the application of graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerene (C60), for designing different electrochemical and optical cancer-detecting biosensors. Furthermore, the application of these carbon-based biosensors for detecting seven widely studied cancer biomarkers (HER2, CEA, CA125, VEGF, PSA, Alpha-fetoprotein, and miRNA21) is reviewed. Finally, various fabricated carbon-based biosensors for detecting cancer biomarkers and anticancer drugs are comprehensively summarized as well.
根据国际癌症研究机构的最新报告，2020年全球报告了1930万例新癌症病例和1000万例癌症死亡病例。早期诊断可以显著降低这些数字，生物传感器似乎是解决这一问题的一种方法，因为与传统方法不同，它们成本低、检测过程快速，且使用时无需专家现场操作。这些设备已被用于检测多种癌症生物标志物并测量癌症药物递送情况。要设计这些生物传感器，研究人员必须了解它们的不同类型、纳米材料的特性以及癌症生物标志物。在所有类型的生物传感器中，电化学和光学生物传感器是检测癌症等复杂疾病最灵敏且最具前景的传感器。碳基纳米材料家族因其成本低、易于制备、生物相容性以及显著的电化学和光学特性而备受关注。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了石墨烯及其衍生物、碳纳米管（CNTs）、碳点（CDs）和富勒烯（C60）在设计不同的电化学和光学癌症检测生物传感器方面的应用。此外，还综述了这些碳基生物传感器在检测七种广泛研究的癌症生物标志物（HER2、CEA、CA125、VEGF、PSA、甲胎蛋白和miRNA21）方面的应用。最后，还全面总结了各种用于检测癌症生物标志物和抗癌药物的碳基生物传感器。
