Li Huaan, Peng Fei, Yan Xiaohui, Mao Chun, Ma Xing, Wilson Daniela A, He Qiang, Tu Yingfeng
Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Feb;13(2):517-541. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.010. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
Attributed to the miniaturized body size and active mobility, micro- and nanomotors (MNMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential for medical applications. However, from bench to bedside, massive efforts are needed to address critical issues, such as cost-effective fabrication, on-demand integration of multiple functions, biocompatibility, biodegradability, controlled propulsion and navigation. Herein, we summarize the advances of biomedical MNMs reported in the past two decades, with particular emphasis on the design, fabrication, propulsion, navigation, and the abilities of biological barriers penetration, biosensing, diagnosis, minimally invasive surgery and targeted cargo delivery. Future perspectives and challenges are discussed as well. This review can lay the foundation for the future direction of medical MNMs, pushing one step forward on the road to achieving practical theranostics using MNMs.
由于微型和纳米马达（MNMs）体积小巧且具有活跃的移动性，它们在医学应用中展现出了巨大的潜力。然而，从实验室到临床应用，仍需要付出巨大努力来解决一些关键问题，如具有成本效益的制造、多种功能的按需集成、生物相容性、生物可降解性、可控推进和导航。在此，我们总结了过去二十年报道的生物医学MNMs的进展，特别强调了其设计、制造、推进、导航以及穿透生物屏障、生物传感、诊断、微创手术和靶向药物递送的能力。同时也讨论了未来的前景和挑战。这篇综述可为医学MNMs的未来发展方向奠定基础，推动在使用MNMs实现实际治疗诊断的道路上向前迈进一步。
