Soto-Vázquez Yixel M, Genschmer Kristopher R
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 20;14:1081015. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1081015. eCollection 2023.
Cardiopulmonary diseases span a wide breadth of conditions affecting both heart and lung, the burden of which is globally significant. Chronic pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This makes it critical to understand disease pathogenesis, thereby providing new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues to improve clinical outcomes. Extracellular vesicles provide insight into all three of these features of the disease. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vesicles released by a multitude, if not all, cell types and are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes that play an important role in intercellular communication. They can be isolated from bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and saliva, and their contents include a variety of proteins, proteases, and microRNA. These vesicles have shown to act as effective transmitters of biological signals within the heart and lung and have roles in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of multiple cardiopulmonary diseases as well as demonstrate potential as therapeutic agents to treat said conditions. In this review article, we will discuss the role these extracellular vesicles play in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic possibilities of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and infection-related cardiopulmonary diseases.
心肺疾病涵盖了影响心脏和肺部的多种病症，其负担在全球范围内都很严重。慢性肺病和心血管疾病是全球发病和死亡的两大主要原因。因此，了解疾病发病机制至关重要，这能为改善临床结果提供新的诊断和治疗途径。细胞外囊泡为了解疾病的这三个特征提供了线索。细胞外囊泡是由多种（即便不是所有）细胞类型释放的膜结合囊泡，参与多种生理和病理过程，在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。它们可以从血液、尿液和唾液等体液中分离出来，其内容物包括多种蛋白质、蛋白酶和微小RNA。这些囊泡已被证明是心脏和肺部生物信号的有效传递者，在多种心肺疾病的发病机制和诊断中发挥作用，并且作为治疗这些病症的药物也显示出潜力。在这篇综述文章中，我们将讨论这些细胞外囊泡在心血管、肺部以及感染相关心肺疾病的诊断、发病机制和治疗可能性中所起的作用。
