Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Achaia, Greece.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 9;18(3):e0282186. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282186. eCollection 2023.
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture is a very common knee injury during sport activities. Landing after jump is one of the most prominent human body movements that can lead to such an injury. The landing-related ACL injury risk factors have been in the spotlight of research interest. Over the years, researchers and clinicians acquire knowledge about human movement during daily-life activities by organizing complex in vivo studies that feature high complexity, costs and technical and most importantly physical challenges. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, this paper introduces a computational modeling and simulation pipeline that aims to predict and identify key parameters of interest that are related to ACL injury during single-leg landings. We examined the following conditions: a) landing height, b) hip internal and external rotation, c) lumbar forward and backward leaning, d) lumbar medial and lateral bending, e) muscle forces permutations and f) effort goal weight. Identified on related research studies, we evaluated the following risk factors: vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF), knee joint Anterior force (AF), Medial force (MF), Compressive force (CF), Abduction moment (AbdM), Internal rotation moment (IRM), quadricep and hamstring muscle forces and Quadriceps/Hamstrings force ratio (Q/H force ratio). Our study clearly demonstrated that ACL injury is a rather complicated mechanism with many associated risk factors which are evidently correlated. Nevertheless, the results were mostly in agreement with other research studies regarding the ACL risk factors. The presented pipeline showcased promising potential of predictive simulations to evaluate different aspects of complicated phenomena, such as the ACL injury.
前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂是运动中一种非常常见的膝关节损伤。跳跃后的着陆是导致这种损伤的人体最突出的动作之一。与着陆相关的 ACL 损伤风险因素一直是研究关注的焦点。多年来，研究人员和临床医生通过组织具有高复杂性、成本和技术以及最重要的身体挑战的复杂体内研究，了解了人类在日常生活活动中的运动。为了克服这些限制，本文介绍了一种计算建模和模拟管道，旨在预测和识别与单腿着陆期间 ACL 损伤相关的关键感兴趣参数。我们检查了以下条件：a）着陆高度，b）髋关节内旋和外旋，c）腰椎前屈和后倾，d）腰椎内收和外展，e）肌肉力排列和 f）努力目标重量。在相关研究中确定了以下风险因素：垂直地面反作用力（vGRF）、膝关节前向力（AF）、内侧力（MF）、压缩力（CF）、外展力矩（AbdM）、内旋力矩（IRM）、股四头肌和腘绳肌力以及股四头肌/腘绳肌力比（Q/H 力比）。我们的研究清楚地表明，ACL 损伤是一种相当复杂的机制，有许多相关的风险因素，这些因素显然是相关的。然而，结果与其他关于 ACL 风险因素的研究大多一致。所提出的管道展示了预测模拟评估复杂现象（如 ACL 损伤）不同方面的有前途的潜力。
