Kelly Elodie, Medjo Nouadje Brigitte Astrid, Tonsie Djiela Raphael Hermann, Kapen Pascalin Tiam, Tchuen Ghislain, Tchinda Réné
URISIE, University Institute of Technology Fotso Victor, University of Dschang, P.O Box 134, Bandjoun, Cameroon.
UR2MSP, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 23;9(3):e13906. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13906. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Access to reliable energy is fundamental for the development of any community. The electricity is produced in Chad solely from thermal plants that use fossil fuels, which are not environmentally friendly. In addition, the electrification rate of Chad is less than 11%. This work aims to propose some reliable electrification options for Chad, through hybrid energy systems. To achieve this objective, autonomous hybrid PV/Diesel/Wind/Batteries feasibility to meet the demand of electrical load in isolated regions of Chad is evaluated using HOMER software. The design is done considering three types of daily load profiles in each of the 16 regions that are not yet electrified in Chad; the low, medium and high community load profiles. From the simulation, it was observed that the optimal configurations were: PV/Battery, PV/Diesel/Battery and PV/Wind/Diesel/Battery for various consumers and sites. The COE was found to be in the range of 0.367 and 0.529 US$/kWh which shows that, the COE of some sites are less than the production cost of energy in Chad (0.400 US$/kWh) and therefore profitable. Using these hybrid systems, compared to single diesel generator will result in less CO emission per year (between 0 and 15670 kg/year). These results may guide investors and policies makers in the planning and implementation of various optimal feasible options that may be used to increase the electricity access rate of Chad, especially in remote areas.
获得可靠的能源对任何社区的发展都至关重要。乍得的电力完全由使用化石燃料的热电厂生产，这些化石燃料并不环保。此外，乍得的电气化率不到11%。这项工作旨在通过混合能源系统为乍得提出一些可靠的电气化方案。为实现这一目标，使用HOMER软件评估了离网型光伏/柴油/风能/电池混合系统满足乍得偏远地区电力负荷需求的可行性。设计时考虑了乍得16个尚未电气化地区各自的三种日负荷曲线类型，即低、中、高社区负荷曲线。从模拟结果可以看出，对于不同的用户和地点，最优配置为光伏/电池、光伏/柴油/电池和光伏/风能/柴油/电池。发现平准化度电成本在0.367至0.529美元/千瓦时之间，这表明一些地点的平准化度电成本低于乍得的能源生产成本（0.400美元/千瓦时），因此具有盈利性。与单一柴油发电机相比，使用这些混合系统每年将减少二氧化碳排放量（介于0至15670千克/年之间）。这些结果可为投资者和政策制定者规划和实施各种最优可行方案提供指导，这些方案可用于提高乍得的电力接入率，特别是在偏远地区。
