Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Center for Global Health, Biological Science Division, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, suite G-120, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Feb;11(1):535-544. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01539-z. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this paper is to explore the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes.
Studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes by race were reviewed. A manual search was conducted to identify missing studies. Studies that did not compare pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups were excluded. Pregnancy outcomes included preterm births, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths.
A total of 124 articles explored race and air pollution as risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome. Thirteen percent of these (n=16) specifically compared pregnancy outcomes among two or more racial groups. Findings across all reviewed articles showed more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirths) related to exposure to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites.
Evidence support our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in exposure to air pollution and birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers. The factors driving these disparities are multifactorial, mostly social, and economic factors. Reducing or eliminating these disparities require interventions at individual, community, state, and national level.
暴露于空气污染物和其他环境因素会增加不良妊娠结局的风险。越来越多的证据表明，与空气污染相关的不良后果不成比例地影响着少数族裔。本文的目的是探讨种族作为与空气污染相关的不良妊娠结局的一个风险因素的重要性。
综述了研究暴露于空气污染对种族相关妊娠结局的影响的研究。进行了手动搜索以确定遗漏的研究。排除了未比较两个或更多种族群体妊娠结局的研究。妊娠结局包括早产、小于胎龄儿、低出生体重和死产。
共有 124 篇文章探讨了种族和空气污染作为不良妊娠结局的风险因素。其中 13%（n=16）专门比较了两个或更多种族群体的妊娠结局。所有综述文章的研究结果均表明，与非西班牙裔白人相比，黑人和西班牙裔接触空气污染与更多的不良妊娠结局（早产、小于胎龄儿、低出生体重和死产）相关。
证据支持我们对空气污染对出生结局的影响的总体认识，特别是对黑人和西班牙裔母亲所生婴儿接触空气污染和出生结局的差异的认识。造成这些差异的因素是多方面的，主要是社会和经济因素。减少或消除这些差异需要在个人、社区、州和国家层面进行干预。
