Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico.
Cells. 2023 Feb 24;12(5):727. doi: 10.3390/cells12050727.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of cancers originating from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity, larynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx. Molecular factors can be key in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HNSCC patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are molecular regulators composed of 200 to 100,000 nucleotides that act on the modulation of genes that activate signaling pathways associated with oncogenic processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. However, up until now, few studies have discussed the participation of lncRNAs in modeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate a protumor or antitumor environment. Nevertheless, some immune-related lncRNAs have clinical relevance, since AL139158.2, AL031985.3, AC104794.2, AC099343.3, AL357519.1, SBDSP1, AS1AC108010.1, and TM4SF19-AS1 have been associated with overall survival (OS). MANCR is also related to poor OS and disease-specific survival. MiR31HG, TM4SF19-AS1, and LINC01123 are associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, LINC02195 and TRG-AS1 overexpression is associated with favorable prognosis. Moreover, ANRIL lncRNA induces resistance to cisplatin by inhibiting apoptosis. A superior understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs that modify the characteristics of TME could contribute to increasing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是一组起源于口腔、喉、口咽、鼻咽和下咽黏膜上皮的癌症。分子因素可以在 HNSCC 患者的诊断、预后和治疗中起关键作用。长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是由 200 到 100000 个核苷酸组成的分子调节剂，作用于基因的调节，激活与肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和转移等致癌过程相关的信号通路。然而，到目前为止，很少有研究讨论 lncRNA 参与肿瘤微环境（TME）的建模，以产生促肿瘤或抗肿瘤环境。尽管如此，一些免疫相关的 lncRNA 具有临床相关性，因为 AL139158.2、AL031985.3、AC104794.2、AC099343.3、AL357519.1、SBDSP1、AS1AC108010.1 和 TM4SF19-AS1 与总生存率（OS）相关。MANCR 也与不良 OS 和疾病特异性生存率相关。MiR31HG、TM4SF19-AS1 和 LINC01123 与预后不良相关。同时，LINC02195 和 TRG-AS1 的过表达与预后良好相关。此外，ANRIL lncRNA 通过抑制细胞凋亡诱导顺铂耐药。更好地了解修饰 TME 特征的 lncRNA 的分子机制可能有助于提高免疫疗法的疗效。
