Izadjoo M J, Pantoja C O, Siebeling R J
Department of Microbiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803.
Can J Microbiol. 1987 Aug;33(8):718-24. doi: 10.1139/m87-125.
A commercial turtle pond in South Louisiana was studied to identify the mechanism by which turtle hatchlings acquire Salmonella flora. The visceral organs and mature eggs removed from 31 adult gravid female turtles over the course of two egg-laying seasons and from 37 adult females during one winter dormant period were examined bacteriologically for Salmonella. Pond water, egg nest soil, and hatchlings produced by eggs removed from the oviducts and nest soil were also tested. Eighty-eight turtles hatched from eggs removed from the oviducts of 15 turtles at necropsy did not excrete or harbor systemically Salmonella, nor were these pathogens isolated from ovarian tissue or immature eggs. The findings suggest transovarian transmission of these pathogens does not occur frequently. Turtles hatched from eggs retrieved from soil nests 1 to 2 h after deposition harbor and excrete these organisms. This result coupled with the isolation of these pathogens from the cloaca, colon contents, and bursal fluid from 18 females captured in the act of egg laying supports the cloaca to egg and nest soil to egg mode for salmonellae infection in the resultant hatchling. Salmonella arizonae and Salmonella serogroups B, C2, and E1 were isolated from the cloaca, colon contents, pond water, and nest soil, and were excreted by hatchlings produced from eggs removed from the soil nests. These same serogroups were isolated from the colon contents of 19 of 37 females tested during the dormant period, suggesting the salmonellae persist in the pond environment in the adult throughout the year.
对路易斯安那州南部一个商业化的龟池进行了研究，以确定幼龟获取沙门氏菌菌群的机制。在两个产卵季节中，从31只成年怀孕雌龟体内取出内脏器官和成熟卵，并在一个冬季休眠期从37只成年雌龟体内取出相关样本，对其进行沙门氏菌的细菌学检查。还对池水、卵巢土壤以及从输卵管和巢土中取出的卵所孵化出的幼龟进行了检测。在尸检时，从15只龟的输卵管中取出的卵孵化出的88只幼龟，既没有排泄也没有全身性携带沙门氏菌，这些病原体也未从卵巢组织或未成熟卵中分离出来。研究结果表明，这些病原体的经卵巢传播并不常见。在卵产下1至2小时后从土壤巢穴中取出的卵所孵化出的幼龟携带并排泄这些生物体。这一结果，再加上从18只正在产卵的雌龟的泄殖腔、结肠内容物和法氏囊液中分离出这些病原体，支持了泄殖腔到卵以及巢土到卵的模式，即由此产生的幼龟感染沙门氏菌的途径。从泄殖腔、结肠内容物、池水和巢土中分离出了亚利桑那沙门氏菌以及B、C2和E1血清群的沙门氏菌，并且从土壤巢穴中取出的卵所孵化出的幼龟排泄出了这些病菌。在休眠期对37只雌龟中的19只进行检测，从它们的结肠内容物中也分离出了相同的血清群，这表明沙门氏菌在成年龟的池塘环境中全年都存在。
