中国中老年人群的饮食习惯与认知功能研究：叶酸、B 族维生素、维生素 D、辅酶 Q10 补充与认知能力的关系。
Study of Diet Habits and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Middle-Aged and Elderly Population: The Association between Folic Acid, B Vitamins, Vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Cognitive Ability.
机构信息
Department of VIP Clinical, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China.
Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
出版信息
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 1;15(5):1243. doi: 10.3390/nu15051243.
A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin supplements play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between cognitive ability and folic acid, B vitamins, vitamin D (VD) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation. The sample consisted of 892 adults aged above 50 who were assessed for their cognitive status in the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (China) from July 2019 to January 2022. According to the degree of cognitive impairment, the subjects were divided into a normal control (NC) group, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group and Alzheimer's disease (AD) group. The results indicated a lower risk of AD in the daily VD-supplemented subjects with MCI compared to those who were not supplemented; a lower risk of cognitive impairment in those with normal cognitive who consumed VD, folic acid or CoQ10 on a daily basis compared those who did not; and a lower risk of cognitive impairment in subjects with normal cognitive performance who consumed B vitamin supplements, either daily or occasionally, compared to those who did not. The correlation was independent of other factors that potentially affect cognition, such as education level, age, etc. In conclusion, our findings confirmed a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in those who took vitamins (folic acid, B vitamins, VD, CoQ10) daily. Therefore, we would recommend daily supplementation of vitamins (folic acid, B vitamins, VD, CoQ10), especially group B vitamins, as a potential preventive measure to slow cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in the elderly. However, for the elderly who have already suffered from cognitive impairment, VD supplementation may also be beneficial for their brains.
越来越多的证据表明，维生素补充剂在预防认知能力下降方面发挥作用。本横断面研究的目的是评估认知能力与叶酸、B 族维生素、维生素 D（VD）和辅酶 Q10（CoQ10）补充之间的关系。该样本由 892 名年龄在 50 岁以上的成年人组成，他们于 2019 年 7 月至 2022 年 1 月在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院评估其认知状况。根据认知障碍程度，将受试者分为正常对照组（NC）、主观认知下降（SCD）组、轻度认知障碍（MCI）组和阿尔茨海默病（AD）组。结果表明，与未补充 VD 的 MCI 患者相比，每日补充 VD 的 MCI 患者患 AD 的风险较低；与未补充 VD、叶酸或 CoQ10 的认知正常者相比，每日补充 VD、叶酸或 CoQ10 的认知正常者发生认知障碍的风险较低；与不服用 B 族维生素补充剂的认知正常者相比，每天或偶尔服用 B 族维生素补充剂的认知正常者发生认知障碍的风险较低。这种相关性独立于其他可能影响认知的因素，如教育程度、年龄等。总之，我们的研究结果证实，每天服用维生素（叶酸、B 族维生素、VD、CoQ10）的患者认知障碍发生率较低。因此，我们建议每天补充维生素（叶酸、B 族维生素、VD、CoQ10），尤其是 B 族维生素，作为减缓老年人认知能力下降和神经退行性变的潜在预防措施。然而，对于已经患有认知障碍的老年人，VD 补充也可能对他们的大脑有益。
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