Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Gastroenterology Division, 3-60-2 Harajyuku, Yokohama 245-8575, Japan.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 3;15(5):1269. doi: 10.3390/nu15051269.
The increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), along with global lifestyle changes, requires further in-depth research to elucidate the mechanisms and develop new treatment strategies. In addition, the number of patients with periodontal disease has increased recently, suggesting that periodontal disease is sometimes associated with systemic conditions. In this review, we summarize recent studies linking periodontal disease and NAFLD, the concept of the mouth-gut-liver axis, oral and intestinal microbiota, and liver disease. We suggest new research directions toward a detailed mechanistic understanding and novel targets for treatment and prevention. Forty years have passed since the concepts of NAFLD and NASH were first proposed. however, no effective prevention or treatment has been established. We also found that the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH is not limited to liver-related diseases but has been reported to be associated with various systemic diseases and an increasing number of causes of death. In addition, changes in the intestinal microbiota have been shown to be a risk factor for periodontal diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）的发病率不断上升，加上全球生活方式的改变，需要进一步深入研究，阐明其机制并开发新的治疗策略。此外，最近牙周病患者数量有所增加，这表明牙周病有时与全身状况有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近将牙周病与 NAFLD 联系起来的研究、口腔-肠道-肝脏轴的概念、口腔和肠道微生物群以及肝病。我们提出了新的研究方向，以深入了解其发病机制，并寻找新的治疗和预防靶点。自首次提出 NAFLD 和 NASH 的概念以来，已经过去了 40 年，但仍未建立有效的预防或治疗方法。我们还发现，NAFLD/NASH 的发病机制不仅限于与肝脏相关的疾病，而且已被报道与各种全身性疾病和越来越多的死亡原因有关。此外，肠道微生物群的变化已被证明是牙周病（如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肥胖症）的一个危险因素。
