Business School, Zhejiang Wanli University, China.
College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 May;324:138301. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138301. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Transportation facilities have expanded globally because of rapid industrialization and economic growth. Transportation involves substantial use of energy therefore strongly linked with environmental pollution. This study intends to explore linkages among transport from air mode, combustible renewable energy and waste, GDP, energy use, oil prices, trade expansion, and carbon releases from airline transport. The data covered in the study ranged from 1971 to 2021. For the empirical analysis, the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) methodology has been applied in order to explore the asymmetric impact of the variables of interest. Prior to this, the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is applied whose results demonstrate that variables included in the model contain mixed order of integration. The NARDL estimates show that the "positive shock to air transport and positive and negative shock to energy usage results in the increase of CO emissions per capita in the long run. While, a "positive (negative) shock" to renewable energy use and trade expansion reduces (increases) transport-related carbon discharge. The Error Correction Term (ECT) carries a negative sign implying a stability adjustment in the long run. These asymmetric components in our study can be employed in cost-benefit analysis and encompass the environmental repercussions (asymmetric) of government and management actions. The study suggests that the government of Pakistan should promote financing for renewable energy consumption and clean trade expansion to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) objective 13.
由于工业化和经济增长的迅速发展，全球交通设施得到了扩展。交通涉及大量的能源使用，因此与环境污染密切相关。本研究旨在探索航空运输、可燃烧的可再生能源和废物、国内生产总值、能源使用、石油价格、贸易扩张以及航空运输碳排放之间的联系。本研究的数据范围为 1971 年至 2021 年。为了进行实证分析，采用了非线性自回归分布滞后（NARDL）方法，以探讨感兴趣变量的不对称影响。在此之前，应用了扩充迪基-富勒（ADF）单位根检验，结果表明模型中包含的变量具有混合阶数的整合。NARDL 估计表明，“航空运输的正冲击以及能源使用的正冲击和负冲击会导致人均 CO2 排放长期增加。而可再生能源使用和贸易扩张的“正（负）冲击”会减少（增加）与运输相关的碳排放。误差修正项（ECT）带有负号，这意味着在长期内会进行稳定调整。我们研究中的这些不对称成分可用于成本效益分析，并包含政府和管理行动的环境影响（不对称）。本研究建议巴基斯坦政府应促进可再生能源消费和清洁贸易扩张的融资，以实现可持续发展目标 13。
