Zamani Behzad, Zeinalabedini Mobina, Nasli Esfahani Ensieh, Azadbakht Leila
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Nutr Metab. 2023 Mar 3;2023:2226104. doi: 10.1155/2023/2226104. eCollection 2023.
Psychiatric disorders have been a challenge for public health and will bring economic problems to individuals and healthcare systems in the future. One of the important factors that could affect these disorders is diet.
In the current study with a cross-sectional design, we investigated the association of Paleolithic and Mediterranean diets with psychological disorders in a sample of adult women.
Participants were 435 adult women between 20 and 50 years old that refer to healthcare centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. The diet scores were created by the response to a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the psychological profile was determined by response to the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
After adjusted for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest Paleolithic diet tertile had lower odds of depression (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.37: < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.45: < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.32; < 0.001) in comparison to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, those in the third tertile of the Mediterranean diet score were at lower risk of depression (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.36; < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38; < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39; < 0.001) compared with those in the first tertile.
The result of the current study suggests that greater adherence to Paleolithic and Mediterranean dietary patterns may be related with a decreased risk of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
精神疾病一直是公共卫生领域的一项挑战，并且在未来会给个人和医疗保健系统带来经济问题。饮食是可能影响这些疾病的重要因素之一。
在当前这项采用横断面设计的研究中，我们在成年女性样本中调查了旧石器时代饮食和地中海饮食与心理障碍之间的关联。
研究对象为435名年龄在20至50岁之间的成年女性，她们来自伊朗德黑兰南部的医疗保健中心。饮食得分通过对一份有效且可靠的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）的回答来确定，心理状况则通过对抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS - 21）的回答来确定。应用多变量调整后的逻辑回归来计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，很明显，旧石器时代饮食得分处于最高三分位数的参与者与处于最低三分位数的参与者相比，患抑郁症（OR = 0.21；95% CI：0.12，0.37：< 0.001）、焦虑症（OR = 0.27；95% CI：0.16，0.45：< 0.001）和压力（OR = 0.19；95% CI：0.11，0.32；< 0.001）的几率更低。此外，与处于第一三分位数的参与者相比，地中海饮食得分处于第三三分位数的参与者患抑郁症（OR = 0.20；95% CI：0.11，0.36；< 0.001）、焦虑症（OR = 0.22；95% CI：0.13，0.38；< 0.001）和压力（OR = 0.23；95% CI：0.13，0.39；< 0.001）的风险更低。
当前研究结果表明，更高程度地遵循旧石器时代饮食模式和地中海饮食模式可能与降低患抑郁症、焦虑症和压力等心理障碍的风险有关。
