Norwood R, Cruwys T, Chachay V S, Sheffield J
School of Psychology University of Queensland Brisbane Australia.
Research School of Psychology Australian National University Canberra Australia.
Obes Sci Pract. 2019 Feb 14;5(2):148-158. doi: 10.1002/osp4.325. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Previous research has identified several psychological factors associated with dietary restriction but has focused almost exclusively on the subcategory of people following a weight loss diet. Little is known about the psychological factors associated with other kinds of restrictive dietary patterns. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the identified psychological characteristics of dieters (e.g. elevated disordered eating behaviours, poor well-being) are a cause of dieting, follow from calorie restriction or are the result of cognitive restraint.
This study conducted the first direct comparison of people ( = 393) following five different restrictive dietary patterns (vegetarian, vegan, gluten free, paleo and weight loss) as well as a comparison group who were not following a specific dietary pattern.
The weight loss group had more negative psychological characteristics than all other groups, reporting the highest levels of eating disorder symptoms ( = 1.50), food cravings ( = 69.39), emotional eating ( = 2.97) and negative affect ( = 19.72). By contrast, several of the other restrictive dietary groups showed a number of psychological strengths, relative to the comparison group. This was particularly apparent among the paleo group, who reported the lowest levels of eating disorder symptoms ( = 0.74), food cravings ( = 47.63), emotional eating ( = 2.30) and negative affect ( = 14.81). By contrast, people following vegetarian and gluten free diets were largely the same as the non-restricted comparison group in their psychological characteristics.
People adhering to different dietary patterns showed stark differences in their psychological characteristics. Indeed, some restrictive dietary patterns (paleo and vegan) were associated with more positive psychological characteristics than seen in an unrestricted comparison group. This suggests that the psychological risk factors seen in weight loss dieters are not attributable to a restrictive dietary regimen .
先前的研究已确定了一些与饮食限制相关的心理因素，但几乎完全集中在遵循减肥饮食的人群这一亚类上。对于与其他类型的限制性饮食模式相关的心理因素知之甚少。此外，节食者已确定的心理特征（例如饮食失调行为增加、幸福感差）是节食的原因、源于热量限制还是认知抑制的结果仍不清楚。
本研究首次对遵循五种不同限制性饮食模式（素食、纯素食、无麸质、原始饮食和减肥饮食）的人群（n = 393）以及未遵循特定饮食模式的对照组进行了直接比较。
减肥组比所有其他组具有更多负面心理特征，报告的饮食失调症状水平最高（M = 1.50）、食物渴望程度最高（M = 69.39）、情绪化进食程度最高（M = 2.97）和负面影响程度最高（M = 19.72）。相比之下，其他几个限制性饮食组相对于对照组表现出一些心理优势。这在原始饮食组中尤为明显，该组报告的饮食失调症状水平最低（M = 0.74）、食物渴望程度最低（M = 47.63）、情绪化进食程度最低（M = 2.30）和负面影响程度最低（M = 14.81）。相比之下，遵循素食和无麸质饮食的人群在心理特征上与非限制性对照组基本相同。
坚持不同饮食模式的人群在心理特征上存在明显差异。事实上，一些限制性饮食模式（原始饮食和纯素食）与比非限制性对照组更积极的心理特征相关。这表明在减肥节食者中看到的心理风险因素并非归因于限制性饮食方案。
