Chang Yuanyu, Cao Qun, Venton B Jill
Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904.
Curr Opin Electrochem. 2023 Apr;38. doi: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101228. Epub 2023 Feb 9.
Traditional carbon electrodes are made of glassy carbon or carbon fibers and have limited shapes. 3D printing offers many advantages for manufacturing carbon electrodes, such as complete customization of the shape and the ability to fabricate devices and electrodes simultaneously. Additive manufacturing is the most common 3D printing method, where carbon materials are added to the material to make it conductive, and treatments applied to enhance electrochemical activity. A newer form of 3D printing is 2-photon lithography, where electrodes are printed in photoresist via laser lithography and then annealed to carbon by pyrolysis. Applications of 3D printed carbon electrodes include nanoelectrode measurements of neurotransmitters, arrays of biosensors, and integrated electrodes in microfluidic devices.
传统的碳电极由玻璃碳或碳纤维制成，形状有限。3D打印为制造碳电极提供了许多优势，例如形状的完全定制以及同时制造器件和电极的能力。增材制造是最常见的3D打印方法，其中将碳材料添加到材料中使其具有导电性，并进行处理以增强电化学活性。一种更新的3D打印形式是双光子光刻，其中电极通过激光光刻在光刻胶中打印，然后通过热解退火成碳。3D打印碳电极的应用包括神经递质的纳米电极测量、生物传感器阵列以及微流控设备中的集成电极。
