Zhao Ye, Huang Xinyi, Zhao Yijun, Liu Xinyu, Zhou Ranjiamian
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 23;9(3):e13996. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13996. eCollection 2023 Mar.
National parks provide a considerable number of co-benefits to society, including the balance of ecosystems, conservation of heritage values, and tourism. However, studies on zoning approaches for the management of national parks are lacking. The landscape characterization approach is a holistic method for identifying regional landscapes and helps improve zoning management, thus promoting sustainable planning. Here, we propose a landscape character classification (LCC) approach for national parks by integrating a k-means clustering algorithm and geographic information system (GIS). We used Laoshan National Park (LNP) as a case study and aimed to (1) quantify the major landscape factors (altitude, topography relief, soil type, and heritage impact intensity) that influence the landscape classification of mountainous protected areas; (2) create a map of landscape character types and areas to guide a zoning boundary; and (3) further examine how decision makers assign different conservation strategies to each landscape character area. Our results indicate that different landscape character areas reflect distinct ecological environments and heritage values and that differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impact of natural disasters and human activities. Our study suggests that national parks require scientific landscape character zoning, rational descriptions of landscape character types, and targeted management measures to achieve the dual objectives of zoning and landscape conservation.
国家公园为社会带来了诸多协同效益，包括生态系统平衡、遗产价值保护和旅游业发展。然而，针对国家公园管理的分区方法的研究却较为匮乏。景观特征描述方法是一种识别区域景观的整体方法，有助于改善分区管理，从而推动可持续规划。在此，我们通过整合k均值聚类算法和地理信息系统（GIS），提出一种针对国家公园的景观特征分类（LCC）方法。我们以崂山国家公园（LNP）为例进行研究，旨在：（1）量化影响山区保护区景观分类的主要景观因素（海拔、地形起伏、土壤类型和遗产影响强度）；（2）绘制景观特征类型和区域图，以指导分区边界划分；（3）进一步研究决策者如何为每个景观特征区域分配不同的保护策略。我们的研究结果表明，不同的景观特征区域反映了独特的生态环境和遗产价值，差异化的分区管理能够有效减轻自然灾害和人类活动的影响。我们的研究表明，国家公园需要科学的景观特征分区、对景观特征类型的合理描述以及有针对性的管理措施，以实现分区和景观保护的双重目标。
