Byaruhanga Timothy, Kayiwa John T, Nankya Annet M, Ataliba Irene J, McClure C Patrick, Ball Jonathan K, Lutwama Julius J
University of Nottingham School of Life Sciences, Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, Nottingham, UK.
Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases.
IJID Reg. 2023 Feb 3;6:171-176. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.01.013. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Arboviruses are endemic in Uganda; however, little is known about their epidemiology, seasonality and spatiotemporal distribution. Our study sought to provide information on arbovirus outbreaks from acute clinical presentations.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and confirmatory Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test (PRNT) results for arbovirus diagnosis of samples collected from patients attending sentinel sites from 2016-19 were analysed retrospectively. Demographic data were analysed with SaTScan and SPSS software to determine the epidemiology and spatiotemporal distribution of arboviruses.
Arbovirus activity peaked consistently during March-May rainy seasons. Overall, arbovirus seroprevalence was 9.5%. Of 137 IgM positives, 52.6% were confirmed by PRNT, of which 73.6% cases were observed in central Uganda with Yellow Fever Virus had the highest prevalence (27.8%). The 5-14 age group were four times more likely to be infected with an arbovirus p=0.003, 4.1 (95% CI 1.3-12.3). Significant arboviral activity was observed among outdoor workers(p=0.05) . Spatiotemporal analysis indicated arboviral activity in 23 of the 85 districts analysed..
Our study shows that arbovirus activity peaks during the March-May rainy season and highlights the need for YFV mass vaccination to reduce the clinical burden of arboviruses transmitted within the region.
虫媒病毒在乌干达呈地方流行性；然而，对其流行病学、季节性和时空分布知之甚少。我们的研究旨在提供有关急性临床表现中虫媒病毒暴发的信息。
回顾性分析2016 - 19年从哨点采集的患者样本进行虫媒病毒诊断的免疫球蛋白M（IgM）和确证性空斑减少中和试验（PRNT）结果。使用SaTScan和SPSS软件分析人口统计学数据，以确定虫媒病毒的流行病学和时空分布。
虫媒病毒活动在3 - 5月雨季期间持续达到峰值。总体而言，虫媒病毒血清阳性率为9.5%。在137例IgM阳性病例中，52.6%通过PRNT得到确证，其中73.6%的病例在乌干达中部观察到，黄热病病毒的患病率最高（27.8%）。5 - 14岁年龄组感染虫媒病毒的可能性是其他组的四倍（p = 0.003，4.1（95%可信区间1.3 - 12.3））。在户外工作者中观察到显著的虫媒病毒活动（p = 0.05）。时空分析表明，在分析的85个地区中有23个存在虫媒病毒活动。
我们的研究表明，虫媒病毒活动在3 - 5月雨季达到峰值，并强调需要进行黄热病病毒大规模疫苗接种，以减轻该地区传播的虫媒病毒的临床负担。
