Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Apr;11(2):773-782. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01560-2. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
Research is needed to fully investigate the differential mechanisms racial and ethnic groups use to deal with ongoing intersectional racism in women's lives. The aim of this paper was to understand how Asian American and Pacific Islander, Black, Latina, and Middle Eastern women experience racism-from personal perceptions and interactions to coping mechanisms and methods of protection.
A purposive sample of 52 participants participated in 11 online racially/ethnically homogeneous focus groups conducted throughout the USA. A team consensus approach was utilized with codebook development and thematic analysis.
The findings relate to personal perceptions and interactions related to race and ethnicity, methods of protection against racism, vigilant behavior based on safety concerns, and unity across people of color. A few unique concerns by group included experiences of racism including physical violence among Asian American Pacific Islander groups, police brutality among Black groups, immigration discrimination in Latina groups, and religious discrimination in Middle Eastern groups. Changes in behavior for safety and protection include altering methods of transportation, teaching their children safety measures, and defending their immigration status. They shared strategies to help racial and ethnic minorities against racism including mental health resources and greater political representation. All racial and ethnic groups discussed the need for unity, solidarity, and allyship across various communities of color but for it to be authentic and long-lasting.
Greater understanding of the types of racism specific groups experience can inform policies and cultural change to reduce those factors.
需要开展研究，以充分调查不同种族和族裔群体在应对女性生活中持续存在的交叉种族主义时所采用的不同机制。本文的目的是了解亚裔美国人及太平洋岛民、非裔、拉丁裔和中东女性如何体验种族主义——从个人认知和互动到应对机制和保护方法。
在全美范围内开展了 11 次在线的、按种族/族裔划分的同质焦点小组，目的抽样选取了 52 名参与者。采用团队共识方法进行代码本开发和主题分析。
研究结果涉及与种族和族裔相关的个人认知和互动、防范种族主义的保护方法、基于安全问题的警惕行为以及有色人种之间的团结。各组还存在一些独特的关注点，包括种族主义经历，如亚裔美国太平洋岛民群体中存在的身体暴力、非裔群体中的警察暴力、拉丁裔群体中的移民歧视以及中东群体中的宗教歧视。出于安全和保护目的而改变行为的情况包括改变交通方式、教导子女安全措施和捍卫自己的移民身份。他们分享了帮助少数族裔抵御种族主义的策略，包括心理健康资源和更多的政治代表性。所有种族和族裔群体都表示需要不同种族和族裔社区之间的团结、一致和盟友关系，但这种关系必须是真实和持久的。
更多地了解特定群体经历的种族主义类型，可以为减少这些因素的政策和文化变革提供信息。
