Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2023 Mar 14;18(3):e0281589. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281589. eCollection 2023.
In the current study, we asked whether delays in the earliest stages of picture naming elicit disfluency. To address this question, we used a network task, where participants describe the route taken by a marker through visually presented networks of objects. Additionally, given that disfluencies are arguably multifactorial, we combined this task with eye tracking, to be able to disentangle disfluency related to word preparation from other factors (e.g., stalling strategy). We used visual blurring, which hinders visual identification of the items and thereby slows down selection of a lexical concept. We tested the effect of this manipulation on disfluency production and visual attention. Blurriness did not lead to more disfluency on average and viewing times decreased with blurred pictures. However, multivariate pattern analyses revealed that a classifier could predict above chance, from the pattern of disfluency, whether each participant was about to name blurred or control pictures. Impeding the conceptual generation of a message therefore affected the pattern of disfluencies of each participant individually, but this pattern was not consistent from one participant to another. Additionally, some of the disfluency and eye-movement variables correlated with individual cognitive differences, in particular with inhibition.
在本研究中，我们探讨了在图片命名的最早阶段是否会出现言语不流畅。为了回答这个问题，我们使用了一种网络任务，要求参与者描述标记通过视觉呈现的物体网络所走的路径。此外，鉴于言语不流畅可能是多因素的，我们将这项任务与眼动追踪相结合，以便能够将与词汇准备相关的言语不流畅与其他因素（例如停顿策略）区分开来。我们使用视觉模糊来阻碍物品的视觉识别，从而减缓词汇概念的选择。我们测试了这种操作对言语不流畅产生和视觉注意力的影响。平均而言，视觉模糊并没有导致更多的言语不流畅，并且观看时间随着模糊图片的增加而减少。然而，多元模式分析表明，分类器可以根据参与者言语不流畅的模式，预测他们是否即将命名模糊图片或对照图片。因此，阻碍信息的概念生成会影响每个参与者言语不流畅的模式，但这种模式在不同参与者之间并不一致。此外，一些言语不流畅和眼动变量与个体认知差异相关，特别是与抑制相关。
