低肾酸负荷饮食对 2 型糖尿病患者血压、血脂谱和血糖指标的影响：一项随机临床试验。
The effect of a low renal acid load diet on blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
机构信息
Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
出版信息
Nutr J. 2023 Mar 15;22(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12937-023-00849-6.
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have reported that dietary renal acid load has an important role in insulin resistance and metabolic factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a low renal acid load diet (LRALD) on blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose indices in patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
In this parallel randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to the LRALD (n = 40) or control (n = 40) groups, for 12 weeks. Both groups received a balanced diet and a list of nutritional recommendations based on healthy eating behaviors. In the LRALD group, food items with low renal acid load were prescribed. Primary outcomes including: fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting serum insulin, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) and secondary outcomes including: weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). were measured at baseline and end of the study. The present trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N5).
RESULTS
Seventy subjects completed the study (n = 35 in control group and n = 36 in LRALD). Weight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), FBG (P < 0.001), HbA1c (P < 0.001), SBP (P = 0.004), and TG (P = 0.049) were reduced and HDL (P = 0.002) was increased in both groups, compared with baseline. After adjusting for baseline values, DBP (P = 0.047) was reduced in the LRALD group compared with control group. Results had no changes after using intention to treat analysis.
CONCLUSION
A LRALD may decrease DBP in type 2 diabetic patients. However, it elicited no significant effect on lipid profile compared with a healthy diet.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N5).
背景
观察性研究表明，饮食肾酸负荷在胰岛素抵抗和代谢因素中起重要作用。本研究旨在评估低肾酸负荷饮食（LRALD）对 2 型糖尿病患者血压、血脂谱和血糖指数的影响。
方法
在这项平行随机临床试验中，80 例 2 型糖尿病患者被随机分为 LRALD（n=40）或对照组（n=40），为期 12 周。两组均接受平衡饮食和基于健康饮食行为的营养建议清单。在 LRALD 组中，开列了低肾酸负荷的食物。主要结局包括：空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血清胰岛素、定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数（QUICKI）、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA）；次要结局包括：体重、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）。在基线和研究结束时进行测量。本试验在 IRCT.ir（IRCT20130903014551N5）注册。
结果
70 名受试者完成了研究（对照组 n=35，LRALD 组 n=36）。与基线相比，两组体重（P<0.001）、体重指数（P<0.001）、FBG（P<0.001）、HbA1c（P<0.001）、SBP（P=0.004）和 TG（P=0.049）降低，HDL（P=0.002）升高。在调整基线值后，LRALD 组的 DBP（P=0.047）较对照组降低。意向治疗分析后结果无变化。
结论
LRALD 可降低 2 型糖尿病患者的 DBP，但与健康饮食相比，对血脂谱无显著影响。
试验注册
本随机临床试验在 IRCT.ir（IRCT20130903014551N5）注册。
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