Osuna-Padilla I A, Leal-Escobar G, Garza-García C A, Rodríguez-Castellanos F E
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, México.
Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, CDMX, México.
Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2019 Jul-Aug;39(4):343-354. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.10.005. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
Diet composition has long been known to influence acid-base balance by providing acid or base precursors. In general, foods rich in protein, such as meat, cheese, eggs, and others, increase the production of acid in the body, whereas fruit and vegetables increase alkalis. The capacity of acid or base production of any food is called potential renal acid load (PRAL). Diets high in PRAL induce a low-grade metabolic acidosis state, which is associated with the development of metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, bone disorders, low muscle mass and other complications. The aim of this paper is to review the available evidence which evaluates the association of the PRAL of the diet with the incidence of chronic diseases and metabolic disorders, as well as related mechanisms involved in their development.
长期以来，人们都知道饮食成分会通过提供酸或碱前体来影响酸碱平衡。一般来说，富含蛋白质的食物，如肉类、奶酪、蛋类等，会增加体内酸的产生，而水果和蔬菜则会增加碱的产生。任何食物产生酸或碱的能力称为潜在肾酸负荷（PRAL）。高PRAL饮食会引发低度代谢性酸中毒状态，这与代谢改变的发生有关，如胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、高血压、慢性肾病、骨骼疾病、低肌肉量及其他并发症。本文旨在综述现有证据，这些证据评估了饮食的PRAL与慢性病和代谢紊乱发病率之间的关联，以及它们发生发展过程中涉及的相关机制。
